Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021 Feb 1;16(2):273-279. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0966. Epub 2020 Aug 19.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the soccer pitch area during small-sided games (SSG) in prepubertal children on physiological and technical demands, and to compare them, for the physiological demands, to high-intensity interval training (HIIT).
Ten young soccer players (13.0 [0.3] y) performed a HIIT and 3 SSG of various field sizes (30 × 20 m, 42 × 38 m, and 51 × 34 m). Each SSG was performed with 5 players per team, during 4 × 4-minutes interspaced with 1 minute of passive recovery in between. HIIT also followed a 4 × 4-minute protocol with running speed set on an individual basis. Heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored during training sessions. For each exercise modality, time spent above 90% of HRmax (T≥90%,HRmax) was calculated, and technical actions were quantified during SSG by video analysis.
T≥90%,HRmax was similar between the 3 SSG (∼587 [276] s; P > .2) but 24% to 37% lower than during HIIT (826 [140] s, P < .05). Coefficients of variations in T≥90%,HRmax were 2.3 to 3.5 times larger in SSG compared with HIIT. For technical actions, greater number of possessions (21 [6] vs ∼14 [4]), and lower ball touches per possession (2.4 [0.6] vs ∼2.9 [0.6]) were found in the small SSG compared with larger SSG, respectively (P < .05).
The 3 SSG led to lower acute stimulation of the aerobic metabolism, suggesting a lower potential for chronic aerobic adaptations, compared with HIIT. Moreover, interindividual variability in the physiological response was substantially greater in SSG compared with HIIT, indicating increased heterogeneity among players performing the same training protocol.
本研究旨在探讨少儿小场地比赛（SSG）中比赛场地面积对生理和技术需求的影响，并将其与高强度间歇训练（HIIT）的生理需求进行比较。
10 名年轻足球运动员（13.0[0.3]岁）进行了 HIIT 和 3 种不同场地大小的 SSG（30×20m、42×38m 和 51×34m）。每个 SSG 由 5 名球员组成一队，每 4 分钟进行一次比赛，其间穿插 1 分钟被动恢复。HIIT 也遵循 4×4 分钟的方案，跑步速度根据个人情况设定。训练过程中连续监测心率（HR）。对于每种运动模式，计算 HRmax 以上时间（T≥90%，HRmax），并通过视频分析在 SSG 中量化技术动作。
3 种 SSG 的 T≥90%，HRmax 相似（587[276]s；P>.2），但比 HIIT 低 24%至 37%（826[140]s，P<.05）。SSG 中 T≥90%，HRmax 的变异系数比 HIIT 高 2.3 至 3.5 倍。与较大的 SSG 相比，较小的 SSG 中每个 SSG 的控球次数更多（21[6]次比14[4]次），每个控球的触球次数更少（2.4[0.6]次比~2.9[0.6]次）（P<.05）。
与 HIIT 相比，3 种 SSG 导致有氧代谢的急性刺激较低，提示慢性有氧适应潜力较低。此外，与 HIIT 相比，SSG 中生理反应的个体间变异性要大得多，这表明在执行相同训练方案的球员之间存在更大的异质性。
