School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
Nutrients. 2020 Mar 25;12(4):891. doi: 10.3390/nu12040891.
The indisputable association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cardiometabolic risk makes it a primary target for lifestyle-based strategies designed to prevent or manage health risk. Substantive evidence also confirms that liver fat (LF) is positively associated with increased health risk and that reduction is associated with an improved metabolic profile. The independent associations between reductions in VAT, LF, and cardiometabolic risk is less clear. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence indicating whether a negative energy balance induced by either an increase in energy expenditure (aerobic exercise) or a decrease in energy intake (hypocaloric diet) are effective strategies for reducing both VAT and LF. Consideration will be given to whether a dose-response relationship exists between the negative energy balance induced by exercise or diet and reduction in either VAT or LF. We conclude with recommendations that will help fill gaps in knowledge with respect to lifestyle-based strategies designed to reduce VAT and LF.
内脏脂肪组织（VAT）与心脏代谢风险之间的明确关联使其成为生活方式策略的主要目标，旨在预防或管理健康风险。大量证据还证实，肝脂肪（LF）与健康风险的增加呈正相关，而减少则与代谢特征的改善相关。减少 VAT、LF 和心脏代谢风险之间的独立关联则不太清楚。在本叙事性综述中，我们总结了表明能量消耗增加（有氧运动）或能量摄入减少（低热量饮食）引起的负能平衡是否是减少 VAT 和 LF 的有效策略的证据。我们将考虑运动或饮食引起的负能平衡与 VAT 或 LF 的减少之间是否存在剂量反应关系。最后，我们提出了一些建议，这将有助于填补旨在减少 VAT 和 LF 的生活方式策略方面的知识空白。
