Jalali Mir Mohammad, Nezamdoust Fatemeh, Ramezani Hedieh, Pastadast Masomeh
Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Mar;32(109):85-92. doi: 10.22038/ijorl.2019.36090.2191.
The present study aimed to investigate the audiological profiles of elementary school-age children in Rasht, Iran, and estimate the prevalence of hearing impairments in this population
In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, the hearing threshold was screened using pure tone audiometry (PTA). Hearing impairment was defined as equal to or higher than 20 dB HL. Results of the hearing thresholds were separately reported in the left or right ears and better or worse ears. Logistic regression tests were used to investigate the association between hearing loss and possible risk factors. In this study, all the analyses were conducted using SPSS software (version 21).
The present study was carried out on a total of 2019 children. Mean age of the participants was reported as 9.66±1.66 years. Based on low-frequency pure-tone average, the prevalence rates of hearing loss > 15 dB in the right and left ears were reported as 1.94% and 1.68%, respectively. The high-frequency hearing loss > 15 dB in the right and left ears was obtained at 1.14% and 1.04%, respectively. Prevalence rate of hearing loss (in all frequencies) in boys was higher than that in girls. There was a strong association between a history of otitis media and sensorineural or conductive hearing loss (adjusted odds ratio reported as 12.2 and 8.1, respectively).
In this study, the rate of hearing loss in the participants was approximately 2%. It was concluded that the screening of hearing loss in children is necessary for the identification and management of these children as early as possible. It is recommended to perform further trials to investigate the impact of different causes on childhood hearing impairment.
本研究旨在调查伊朗拉什特市小学适龄儿童的听力学特征，并估算该人群中听力障碍的患病率。
在这项横断面描述性分析研究中，使用纯音听力计（PTA）筛查听力阈值。听力障碍定义为等于或高于20 dB HL。听力阈值结果分别按左耳或右耳以及较好或较差耳进行报告。采用逻辑回归检验来研究听力损失与可能的风险因素之间的关联。在本研究中，所有分析均使用SPSS软件（版本21）进行。
本研究共对2019名儿童进行了调查。参与者的平均年龄报告为9.66±1.66岁。根据低频纯音平均值，右耳和左耳听力损失> 15 dB的患病率分别报告为1.94%和1.68%。右耳和左耳高频听力损失> 15 dB的患病率分别为1.14%和1.04%。男孩的听力损失（所有频率）患病率高于女孩。中耳炎病史与感音神经性或传导性听力损失之间存在强关联（调整后的优势比分别报告为12.2和8.1）。
在本研究中，参与者的听力损失率约为2%。得出的结论是，对儿童进行听力损失筛查对于尽早识别和管理这些儿童是必要的。建议进行进一步试验以研究不同原因对儿童听力障碍的影响。
