Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 185, Pu An Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020 Dec;198(2):423-429. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02095-x. Epub 2020 Mar 26.
Several studies have indicated an association between dietary copper and zinc intake and hypertension, but mainly limited to adult studies. Few studies have examined the associations between copper and zinc and high blood pressure (BP) in children. This study aims to evaluate the associations of zinc and copper with the risk of high BP in children and adolescents aged 8-17 years using the 2007-2016 National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES). A total of 7749 participants (3912 males and 3837 females) were included in the analyses. High BP was defined as (1) the participant (age ≥ 16 years) or the participant's parent/guardian (age < 16 years) reported that the participant had a diagnosis of hypertension irrespective of the BP value; or (2) the participant (age ≥ 16 years) or the participant's parent/guardian (age < 16 years) reported that the participant was currently taking an antihypertensive medication irrespective of the BP value; or (3) a participant classified as having elevated BP /hypertension according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) new guidelines. Zinc and copper intakes from diet and supplements were assessed with 24-h dietary recall. Positive correlation was found between copper intake and high BP for females, and the ORs (95% CI) across quartiles 2 to 4 compared with quartile 1 were 1.28 (0.81-2.03), 2.06 (1.26-3.36), and 2.69 (1.45-4.98) after adjusting age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), serum cotinine levels, annual family income, total daily energy intake, and intakes of calcium, sodium, and potassium. Negative correlation was found for males, and the multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CI) across quartiles 2 to 4 compared with quartile 1 were 0.81 (0.57-1.14), 0.63 (0.42-0.92), and 0.60 (0.37-1.00), respectively. A statistically significantly OR (95% CI) [1.70 (1.08-2.67)] between zinc intake and high BP was observed for participants with normal weight comparing quartiles 3 to quartile 1 of dietary zinc intake. This study suggests that dietary copper and zinc intake may affect BP in children and adolescents. Further longitudinal studies should be warranted to confirm these findings.
几项研究表明，膳食铜和锌的摄入与高血压之间存在关联，但主要局限于成人研究。很少有研究调查铜和锌与儿童高血压（BP）之间的关系。本研究旨在使用 2007-2016 年全国健康和营养调查（NHANES）评估锌和铜与 8-17 岁儿童和青少年患高血压风险的关系。共纳入 7749 名参与者（男性 3912 名，女性 3837 名）进行分析。高血压定义为：（1）参与者（年龄≥16 岁）或其父母/监护人（年龄<16 岁）报告称参与者患有高血压，无论血压值如何；或（2）参与者（年龄≥16 岁）或其父母/监护人（年龄<16 岁）报告称参与者目前正在服用抗高血压药物，无论血压值如何；或（3）根据美国儿科学会（AAP）新指南，参与者被归类为患有高血压/高血压。通过 24 小时膳食回忆评估饮食和补充剂中的锌和铜摄入量。对于女性，铜摄入量与高血压呈正相关，与第 1 四分位数相比，第 2 至第 4 四分位数的比值比（95%可信区间）分别为 1.28（0.81-2.03）、2.06（1.26-3.36）和 2.69（1.45-4.98），校正年龄、性别、种族/族裔、体重指数（BMI）、血清可替宁水平、家庭年收入、总日能量摄入以及钙、钠和钾的摄入量后。对于男性则发现了负相关，与第 1 四分位数相比，第 2 至第 4 四分位数的多变量校正比值比（95%可信区间）分别为 0.81（0.57-1.14）、0.63（0.42-0.92）和 0.60（0.37-1.00）。与正常体重的参与者相比，膳食锌摄入量第 3 四分位数与第 1 四分位数相比，锌摄入量与高血压之间存在统计学显著的比值比（95%可信区间）[1.70（1.08-2.67）]。本研究表明，膳食铜和锌的摄入可能会影响儿童和青少年的血压。需要进一步的纵向研究来证实这些发现。
