染色质调控与干细胞动力学。
Chromatin regulation and dynamics in stem cells.
机构信息
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
出版信息
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2020;138:1-71. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.11.002. Epub 2019 Dec 30.
Abstract
In eukaryotes, DNA is highly compacted within the nucleus into a structure known as chromatin. Modulation of chromatin structure allows for precise regulation of gene expression, and thereby controls cell fate decisions. Specific chromatin organization is established and preserved by numerous factors to generate desired cellular outcomes. In embryonic stem (ES) cells, chromatin is precisely regulated to preserve their two defining characteristics: self-renewal and pluripotent state. This action is accomplished by a litany of nucleosome remodelers, histone variants, epigenetic marks, and other chromatin regulatory factors. These highly dynamic regulatory factors come together to precisely define a chromatin state that is conducive to ES cell maintenance and development, where dysregulation threatens the survival and fitness of the developing organism.
摘要
在真核生物中，DNA 高度压缩在细胞核内，形成一种称为染色质的结构。染色质结构的调节允许精确地调控基因表达，从而控制细胞命运的决定。许多因素建立和保存特定的染色质组织，以产生所需的细胞结果。在胚胎干细胞（ES 细胞）中，染色质受到精确的调节，以保持其两个定义特征：自我更新和多能状态。这种作用是通过一系列核小体重塑因子、组蛋白变体、表观遗传标记和其他染色质调节因子来完成的。这些高度动态的调节因子聚集在一起，精确地定义了一种有利于 ES 细胞维持和发育的染色质状态，而失调则威胁到发育中生物体的生存和适应能力。
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