Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2020 May 19;86(11). doi: 10.1128/AEM.02920-19.
Bacteria regulate the life histories of diverse eukaryotes, but relatively little is known about how eukaryotes interpret and respond to multiple bacterial cues encountered simultaneously. To explore how a eukaryote might respond to a combination of bioactive molecules from multiple bacteria, we treated the choanoflagellate with two sets of bacterial cues, one that induces mating and another that induces multicellular development. We found that simultaneous exposure to both sets of cues enhanced multicellular development in , eliciting both larger multicellular colonies and an increase in the number of colonies. Thus, rather than conveying conflicting sets of information, these distinct bacterial cues synergize to augment multicellular development. This study demonstrates how a eukaryote can integrate and modulate its response to cues from diverse bacteria, underscoring the potential impact of complex microbial communities on eukaryotic life histories. Eukaryotic biology is profoundly influenced by interactions with diverse environmental and host-associated bacteria. However, it is not well understood how eukaryotes interpret multiple bacterial cues encountered simultaneously. This question has been challenging to address because of the complexity of many eukaryotic model systems and their associated bacterial communities. Here, we studied a close relative of animals, the choanoflagellate , to explore how eukaryotes respond to diverse bacterial cues. We found that a bacterial chondroitinase that induces mating on its own can also synergize with bacterial lipids that induce multicellular "rosette" development. When encountered together, these cues enhance rosette development, resulting in both the formation of larger rosettes and an increase in the number of rosettes compared to rosette development in the absence of the chondroitinase. These findings highlight how synergistic interactions among bacterial cues can influence the biology of eukaryotes.
细菌调节着各种真核生物的生活史，但对于真核生物如何解释和响应同时遇到的多种细菌信号知之甚少。为了探索真核生物如何对来自多种细菌的组合生物活性分子做出反应，我们用两组细菌信号处理领鞭毛生物，一组信号诱导交配，另一组信号诱导细胞多态性发育。我们发现，同时暴露于这两组信号会增强领鞭毛生物的细胞多态性发育，产生更大的细胞多态性菌落和更多的菌落。因此，这些不同的细菌信号并没有传递相互矛盾的信息，而是协同增强了细胞多态性发育。这项研究展示了真核生物如何整合和调节对来自不同细菌的信号的反应，强调了复杂微生物群落对真核生物生活史的潜在影响。真核生物生物学受到与各种环境和宿主相关细菌相互作用的深刻影响。然而，对于真核生物如何解释同时遇到的多种细菌信号，我们还不太了解。由于许多真核生物模型系统及其相关细菌群落的复杂性，这个问题一直难以解决。在这里，我们研究了动物的近亲领鞭毛生物，以探索真核生物如何对多种细菌信号做出反应。我们发现，一种单独诱导交配的细菌软骨素酶也可以与诱导细胞多态性“玫瑰花结”发育的细菌脂类协同作用。当这些信号共同存在时，它们会增强玫瑰花结的发育，导致玫瑰花结的形成更大，并且与没有软骨素酶的情况下的玫瑰花结发育相比，玫瑰花结的数量增加。这些发现强调了细菌信号之间协同相互作用如何影响真核生物的生物学。
