Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 26;21(7):2279. doi: 10.3390/ijms21072279.
Over the last decades a renewed interest in -3 very long polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), derived mainly from fish oils in the human diet, has been observed because of their potential effects against cancer diseases, including breast carcinoma. These -3 PUFAs mainly consist of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that, alone or in combination with anticancer agents, induce cell cycle arrest, autophagy, apoptosis, and tumor growth inhibition. A large number of molecular targets of -3 PUFAs have been identified and multiple mechanisms appear to underlie their antineoplastic activities. Evidence exists that EPA and DHA also elicit anticancer effects by the conversion to their corresponding ethanolamide derivatives in cancer cells, by binding and activation of different receptors and distinct signaling pathways. Other conjugates with serotonin or dopamine have been found to exert anti-inflammatory activities in breast tumor microenvironment, indicating the importance of these compounds as modulators of tumor epithelial/stroma interplay. The objective of this review is to provide a general overview and an update of the current -3 PUFA derivative research and to highlight intriguing aspects of the potential therapeutic benefits of these low-toxicity compounds in breast cancer treatment and care.
在过去的几十年中，由于它们在对抗癌症疾病方面的潜在作用，包括乳腺癌，人们对 -3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）重新产生了兴趣，这些脂肪酸主要来源于人类饮食中的鱼油。这些 -3 PUFAs 主要由二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）组成，它们单独或与抗癌药物联合使用，可诱导细胞周期停滞、自噬、细胞凋亡和肿瘤生长抑制。已经确定了大量 -3 PUFAs 的分子靶标，并且似乎有多种机制是它们抗肿瘤活性的基础。有证据表明，EPA 和 DHA 还通过在癌细胞中转化为其相应的乙醇酰胺衍生物，通过与不同的受体结合和激活以及不同的信号通路来发挥抗癌作用。在乳腺癌肿瘤微环境中，还发现了与血清素或多巴胺结合的其他共轭物具有抗炎活性，这表明这些化合物作为肿瘤上皮/基质相互作用调节剂的重要性。本文综述的目的是提供对当前 -3 PUFA 衍生物研究的概述和更新，并强调这些低毒性化合物在乳腺癌治疗和护理方面的潜在治疗益处的有趣方面。
