Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
Molecules. 2023 Apr 25;28(9):3694. doi: 10.3390/molecules28093694.
Unhealthy dietary habits have been identified as a risk factor for the development and progression of cancer. Therefore, adopting a healthy eating pattern is currently recommended to prevent the onset of different types of cancers, including breast carcinoma. In particular, the Mediterranean diet, based on high consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 PUFAs), such as those found in cold-water fish and other seafood, nuts, and seeds, is recommended to reduce the incidence of several chronic-degenerative diseases. Indeed, the consumption of -3 PUFAs, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), reduced the risk of different types of cancer, including breast cancer. Moreover, they can counteract breast cancer progression and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy in breast cancer survival. Studies have demonstrated that DHA, exhibiting greater antitumor activity than EPA in breast cancer, can be attributed to its direct impact on breast cancer cells and also due to its conversion into various metabolites. -docosahexaenoyl ethanolamine, DHEA, is the most studied DHA derivative for its therapeutic potential in breast cancer. In this review, we emphasize the significance of dietary habits and the consumption of -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly DHA, and we describe the current knowledge on the antitumoral action of DHA and its derivative DHEA in the treatment of breast cancer.
不健康的饮食习惯已被确定为癌症发生和发展的一个风险因素。因此，目前建议采用健康的饮食模式来预防不同类型的癌症，包括乳腺癌。特别是地中海饮食，基于高消费的 ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（-3 PUFAs），如在冷水鱼和其他海鲜、坚果和种子中发现的那些，被推荐用于减少几种慢性退行性疾病的发病率。事实上，-3 PUFAs 的消费，特别是二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），降低了不同类型癌症的风险，包括乳腺癌。此外，它们可以对抗乳腺癌的进展，并减少乳腺癌生存者化疗的副作用。研究表明，DHA 在乳腺癌中的抗肿瘤活性大于 EPA，这可归因于其对乳腺癌细胞的直接影响，也归因于其转化为各种代谢物。-二十二碳六烯酰乙醇胺（DHEA）是研究最多的 DHA 衍生物，因其在乳腺癌中的治疗潜力而备受关注。在这篇综述中，我们强调了饮食习惯和 -3 多不饱和脂肪酸，特别是 DHA 的消费的重要性，并描述了 DHA 及其衍生物 DHEA 在乳腺癌治疗中的抗肿瘤作用的现有知识。
