Bonvehí Pablo E, Temporiti Elena R
Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Galván 4102, C1431FWO Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Curr Treat Options Infect Dis. 2018;10(2):182-196. doi: 10.1007/s40506-018-0163-y. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
Viral respiratory infections have been recognized as a cause of severe illness in immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised hosts. This acknowledgement is a consequence of improvement in diagnosis and better understanding of transmission. Available vaccines and antiviral drugs for prophylaxis and treatment have been developed accordingly. Viral respiratory pathogens are increasingly recognized as nosocomial pathogens as well. The purpose of this review is to describe the most frequent and relevant nosocomial viral respiratory infections, their mechanisms of transmission and the infection control measures to prevent their spread in the healthcare setting.
Although most mechanisms of transmission and control measures of nosocomial viral infections are already known, improved diagnostic tools allow better characterization of these infections and also lead to the discovery of new viruses such as the coronavirus, which is the cause of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, or the human bocavirus. Also, the ability to understand better the impact, dissemination and prevention of these viruses, allows us to improve the measures to prevent these infections.
Healthcare viral respiratory infections increase patient morbidity. Each virus has a different mechanism of transmission; therefore, early detection and prompt implementation of infection control measures are very important in order to avoid their transmission in the hospital setting.
病毒性呼吸道感染已被确认为免疫功能低下和免疫功能正常宿主中严重疾病的病因。这一认知是诊断方法改进以及对传播方式有了更深入了解的结果。相应地，已研发出用于预防和治疗的可用疫苗及抗病毒药物。病毒性呼吸道病原体也日益被视为医院感染病原体。本综述的目的是描述最常见且相关的医院病毒性呼吸道感染、其传播机制以及预防其在医疗机构传播的感染控制措施。
尽管医院病毒性感染的大多数传播机制和控制措施已为人所知，但改进后的诊断工具能更好地对这些感染进行特征描述，还促使发现了新病毒，如导致中东呼吸综合征的冠状病毒或人博卡病毒。此外，更深入了解这些病毒的影响、传播和预防，使我们能够改进预防这些感染的措施。
医院病毒性呼吸道感染会增加患者发病率。每种病毒都有不同的传播机制；因此，早期检测并迅速实施感染控制措施对于避免其在医院环境中传播非常重要。
