Public and Environmental Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, 4108 QLD, Australia.
Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, 4101 QLD, Australia.
Viruses. 2017 Dec 2;9(12):369. doi: 10.3390/v9120369.
The human coronaviruses (CoV) include HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1, some of which have been known for decades. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV briefly emerged into the human population but was controlled. In 2012, another novel severely human pathogenic CoV-the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV-was identified in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 80% of over 2000 human cases have been recorded over five years. Targeted research remains key to developing control strategies for MERS-CoV, a cause of mild illness in its camel reservoir. A new therapeutic toolbox being developed in response to MERS is also teaching us more about how CoVs cause disease. Travel-related cases continue to challenge the world's surveillance and response capabilities, and more data are needed to understand unexplained primary transmission. Signs of genetic change have been recorded, but it remains unclear whether there is any impact on clinical disease. How camels came to carry the virus remains academic to the control of MERS. To date, human-to-human transmission has been inefficient, but virus surveillance, characterisation, and reporting are key to responding to any future change. MERS-CoV is not currently a pandemic threat; it is spread mainly with the aid of human habit and error.
人类冠状病毒（CoV）包括 HCoV-229E、HCoV-OC43、HCoV-NL63 和 HCoV-HKU1，其中一些已被人们认识了几十年。严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）CoV 曾短暂地出现在人类群体中，但得到了控制。2012 年，另一种新型的、严重的人类致病冠状病毒——中东呼吸综合征（MERS）-CoV，在沙特阿拉伯被发现；五年间已记录了超过 2000 例人类病例，其中 80%是由该病毒引起的。针对 MERS-CoV 的目标研究仍然是制定控制策略的关键，因为它在骆驼宿主中引起的是轻度疾病。针对 MERS 开发的新治疗工具箱也使我们更多地了解 CoV 如何引起疾病。与旅行相关的病例继续挑战着世界的监测和应对能力，需要更多的数据来了解无法解释的原发性传播。已经记录到了遗传变化的迹象，但目前尚不清楚这是否对临床疾病有任何影响。骆驼如何携带这种病毒对 MERS 的控制仍然是学术上的问题。到目前为止，人际传播效率不高，但病毒监测、特征描述和报告是应对任何未来变化的关键。MERS-CoV 目前不是大流行威胁；它主要借助人类的习惯和错误传播。
