Rangarajan Janani, Narasimhan Udayakumar, Janakiraman Abhinayaa, Sasidharan Prajitha, Chandrasekaran Pavithraa
Child Development, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND.
Developmental Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND.
Cureus. 2020 Feb 23;12(2):e7079. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7079.
Introduction Parenting style plays a major role in child development by influencing cognitive, social-emotional development, academic performance, and behavioral problems. These characteristics are fairly stable right into adulthood. The influence of risk factors in children on the parenting style of mothers and fathers has not been studied in developing countries. Aims and methods The aim of this study is to determine the parenting style of mothers and fathers of children (3-12 years) born with and without high risk and to analyze the influence of this on parenting style. This is an analytical, cross-sectional, comparative study. Sixty-four out of 90 parents of children who have been newborn intensive care unit (NICU) graduates, with moderate to severe risk factors at birth as per the National Neonatology Forum guidelines of India, and 73 parents of children without risk factors at birth were enrolled. A parenting style and dimension questionnaire was used. The commonest parenting style in mothers and fathers and a correlation between parenting style and risk factors in children at birth were identified. Results Baseline characteristics were comparable between the high-risk and non-high-risk groups. Eighty percent of mothers and 70% of fathers followed the authoritative parenting style. There was no significant correlation between risk factors and gender, family type or socioeconomic status and the parenting style. Lack of follow-through was the only factor that was significantly present in fathers of children born without risk factors. Conclusion Authoritative was the most common parenting style, with no significant difference between parenting in the high-risk and non-high-risk groups. Adopting the appropriate parenting style will optimize developmental outcomes. Further studies are required to look at the influence of proactive positive parenting practices.
引言
养育方式通过影响认知、社会情感发展、学业成绩和行为问题，在儿童发展中起着重要作用。这些特征在成年期也相当稳定。在发展中国家，尚未对儿童期风险因素对父母养育方式的影响进行研究。
目的和方法
本研究的目的是确定有高风险和无高风险出生的儿童（3至12岁）的父母的养育方式，并分析其对养育方式的影响。这是一项分析性、横断面、比较性研究。根据印度国家新生儿学论坛指南，在90名曾入住新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）的儿童的父母中，选取了64名出生时有中度至重度风险因素的儿童的父母，以及73名出生时无风险因素的儿童的父母。使用了养育方式和维度问卷。确定了父母中最常见的养育方式以及出生时儿童风险因素与养育方式之间的相关性。
结果
高风险组和非高风险组的基线特征具有可比性。80%的母亲和70%的父亲采用权威型养育方式。风险因素与性别、家庭类型或社会经济地位以及养育方式之间没有显著相关性。缺乏坚持是出生时无风险因素的儿童的父亲中唯一显著存在的因素。
结论
权威型是最常见的养育方式，高风险组和非高风险组在养育方式上没有显著差异。采用适当的养育方式将优化发展结果。需要进一步研究积极主动的正面养育行为的影响。
