CRMSB, UMR 5536, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), Talence, France.
Brain Res. 2020 Jul 1;1738:146798. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146798. Epub 2020 Mar 27.
The impact of maternal nutrition on neurodevelopment and neonatal neuroprotection is a research topic with increasing interest. Maternal diet can also have deleterious effects on fetal brain development. Fetal exposure to alcohol is responsible for poor neonatal global development, and may increase brain vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, one of the major causes of acute mortality and chronic neurological disability in newborns. Despite frequent prevention campaigns, about 10% of women in the general population drinks alcohol during pregnancy and breastfeeding. This study was inspired by this alarming fact. Its aim was to evaluate the beneficial effects of maternal supplementation with two polyphenols during pregnancy and breastfeeding, on hypoxic-ischemic neonate rat brain damages, sensorimotor and cognitive impairments, in a context of moderate maternal alcoholism. Both stilbenoid polyphenols, trans-resveratrol (RSV - 0.15 mg/kg/day), and its hydroxylated analog, trans-piceatannol (PIC - 0.15 mg/kg/day), were administered in the drinking water, containing or not alcohol (0.5 g/kg/day). In a 7-day post-natal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI), our data showed that moderate maternal alcoholism does not increase brain lesion volumes measured by MRI but leads to higher motor impairments. RSV supplementation could not reverse the deleterious effects of HI coupled with maternal alcoholism. However, PIC supplementation led to a recovery of all sensorimotor and cognitive functions. This neuroprotection was obtained with a dose of PIC corresponding to the consumption of a single passion fruit per day for a pregnant woman.
母体营养对神经发育和新生儿神经保护的影响是一个越来越受到关注的研究课题。母体饮食也会对胎儿大脑发育产生有害影响。胎儿暴露于酒精会导致新生儿整体发育不良，并且可能增加大脑对缺氧缺血性脑病的易感性，缺氧缺血性脑病是新生儿急性死亡率和慢性神经残疾的主要原因之一。尽管经常开展预防活动，但普通人群中仍有约 10%的孕妇在怀孕期间和哺乳期饮酒。这项研究正是受到这一令人震惊的事实的启发。其目的是评估在中度母体酒精中毒的情况下，母体在怀孕期间和哺乳期补充两种多酚对缺氧缺血新生大鼠大脑损伤、感觉运动和认知障碍的有益作用。两种芪类多酚，反式白藜芦醇（RSV-0.15mg/kg/天）和其羟基化类似物，反式皮考汀（PIC-0.15mg/kg/天），都以含或不含酒精（0.5g/kg/天）的饮用水形式给药。在 7 天龄的缺氧缺血（HI）新生大鼠模型中，我们的数据表明，中度母体酒精中毒不会增加 MRI 测量的脑损伤体积，但会导致更高的运动障碍。RSV 补充不能逆转 HI 合并母体酒精中毒的有害影响。然而，PIC 补充导致所有感觉运动和认知功能的恢复。这种神经保护作用是通过每天补充相当于一个百香果的剂量的 PIC 获得的，对于孕妇来说是一种日常摄入。
