Shrestha Rekha Goswami, Maji Subrata, Shrestha Lok Kumar, Ariga Katsuhiko
International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Mar 29;10(4):639. doi: 10.3390/nano10040639.
High surface area and large pore volume carbon materials having hierarchical nanoporous structure are required in high performance supercapacitors. Such nanoporous carbon materials can be fabricated from organic precursors with high carbon content, such as synthetic biomass or agricultural wastes containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Using recently developed unique concept of materials nanoarchitectonics, high performance porous carbons with controllable surface area, pore size distribution, and hierarchy in nanoporous structure can be fabricated. In this review, we will overview the recent trends and advancements on the synthetic methods for the production of hierarchical porous carbons with one- to three-dimensional network structure with superior performance in supercapacitors applications. We highlight the promising scope of accessing nanoporous graphitic carbon materials from: (i) direct conversion of single crystalline self-assembled fullerene nanomaterials and metal organic frameworks, (ii) hard- and soft-templating routes, and (iii) the direct carbonization and/or activation of biomass or agricultural wastes as non-templating routes. We discuss the appealing points of the different synthetic carbon sources and natural precursor raw-materials derived nanoporous carbon materials in supercapacitors applications.
高性能超级电容器需要具有分级纳米多孔结构、高比表面积和大孔体积的碳材料。这种纳米多孔碳材料可以由高碳含量的有机前驱体制备而成，比如含有纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的合成生物质或农业废弃物。利用最近开发的独特的材料纳米结构概念，可以制备出具有可控比表面积、孔径分布和纳米多孔结构分级的高性能多孔碳。在这篇综述中，我们将概述近期用于制备具有一维至三维网络结构的分级多孔碳的合成方法的趋势和进展，这些分级多孔碳在超级电容器应用中具有优异性能。我们强调了从以下方面获得纳米多孔石墨碳材料的广阔前景：（i）单晶自组装富勒烯纳米材料和金属有机框架的直接转化，（ii）硬模板和软模板路线，以及（iii）生物质或农业废弃物的直接碳化和/或活化作为无模板路线。我们讨论了不同合成碳源以及源自天然前驱体原料的纳米多孔碳材料在超级电容器应用中的吸引人之处。
