Zhang Zhi-Long, Gao Yu-Gang, Zang Pu, Gu Pei-Pei, Zhao Yan, He Zhong-Mei, Zhu Hong-Yan
College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020 Jan;45(2):312-320. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190730.401.
Gastrodin(GAS) and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol(HBA) are extracts of dried tubers of Gastrodia elata, which is the material basis for its efficacy and belongs to phenolic compounds. Modern pharmacology studies have shown that they have significant effects on central nervous system diseases, such as insomnia, convulsions, depression, ischemic stroke, anxiety, and cognitive impairment, and these diseases are closely related to neurotransmitters and cytokines. This paper described various mechanisms of GAS and HBA monomer components on the central nervous system. They alleviate hippocampal neuronal toxicity mainly by regulating a variety of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, glutamic acid(GLU), γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA), serotonin(5-HT), dopamine(DA), norepinephrine(NE), 5-indoleacetic acid(5-HIAA), high vanillic acid(HVA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid(DOPAC), pro-inflammatory cell growth factors, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and relevant receptor functions, and exert neuropharmacological effects by effectively increasing mRNA expressions of brain neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF and GDNF, and further inhibiting the apoptosis of damaged neurons. This paper summarized various mechanisms on the central nervous system, which provides a scientific basis for the further research of the neuropharmacological mechanism of GAS and HBA and the development of new drugs and functional food.
天麻素（GAS）和对羟基苯甲醇（HBA）是天麻干燥块茎的提取物，是其药效的物质基础，属于酚类化合物。现代药理学研究表明，它们对中枢神经系统疾病具有显著作用，如失眠、惊厥、抑郁、缺血性中风、焦虑和认知障碍，而这些疾病与神经递质和细胞因子密切相关。本文阐述了GAS和HBA单体成分对中枢神经系统的各种作用机制。它们主要通过调节多种神经递质，如乙酰胆碱、谷氨酸（GLU）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）、多巴胺（DA）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、5-吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）、高香草酸（HVA）和二羟基苯乙酸（DOPAC），以及促炎细胞生长因子，如白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）及其相关受体功能，来减轻海马神经元毒性，并通过有效增加脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）等脑神经营养因子的mRNA表达，进一步抑制受损神经元的凋亡，从而发挥神经药理作用。本文总结了其对中枢神经系统的各种作用机制，为进一步研究GAS和HBA的神经药理机制以及开发新药和功能性食品提供了科学依据。
