Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2020 Apr 2;15(4):e0231141. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231141. eCollection 2020.
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is an economically important commodity for United States agriculture. Nonetheless, the profitability of soybean production has been negatively impacted by soybean diseases. The economic impacts of 23 common soybean diseases were estimated in 28 soybean-producing states in the U.S., from 1996 to 2016 (the entire data set consisted of 13,524 data points). Estimated losses were investigated using a variety of statistical approaches. The main effects of state, year, pre- and post-discovery of soybean rust, region, and zones based on yield, harvest area, and production, were significant on "total economic loss" as a function of diseases. Across states and years, the soybean cyst nematode, charcoal rot, and seedling diseases were the most economically damaging diseases while soybean rust, bacterial blight, and southern blight were the least economically damaging. A significantly greater mean loss (51%) was observed in states/years after the discovery of soybean rust (2004 to 2016) compared to the pre-discovery (1996 to 2003). From 1996 to 2016, the total estimated economic loss due to soybean diseases in the U.S. was $95.48 billion, with $80.89 billion and $14.59 billion accounting for the northern and southern U.S. losses, respectively. Over the entire time period, the average annual economic loss due to soybean diseases in the U.S. reached nearly $4.55 billion, with approximately 85% of the losses occurring in the northern U.S. Low yield/harvest/production zones had significantly lower mean economic losses due to diseases in comparison to high yield/harvest/production zones. This observation was further bolstered by the observed positive linear correlation of mean soybean yield loss (in each state, due to all diseases considered in this study, across 21 years) with the mean state wide soybean production (MT), mean soybean yield (kg ha-1), and mean soybean harvest area (ha). Results of this investigation provide useful insights into how research, policy, and educational efforts should be prioritized in soybean disease management.
大豆（Glycine max L. Merrill）是美国农业经济的重要商品。尽管如此，大豆生产的盈利能力还是受到了大豆病害的负面影响。从 1996 年到 2016 年，对美国 28 个大豆种植州的 23 种常见大豆病害的经济影响进行了估计（整个数据集由 13524 个数据点组成）。使用各种统计方法研究了估计的损失。州、年份、大豆锈病发现前和发现后的主要影响、基于产量、收获面积和生产的区域以及基于产量、收获面积和生产的区域，对“总经济损失”作为疾病的函数是显著的。在各州和年份中，大豆胞囊线虫、炭腐病和幼苗病害是最具经济破坏性的病害，而大豆锈病、细菌性疫病和南方疫病是最不具经济破坏性的病害。与发现前（1996 年至 2003 年）相比，发现后（2004 年至 2016 年）的州/年份观察到的平均损失（51%）显著更高。从 1996 年到 2016 年，美国因大豆病害造成的总经济损失估计为 954.8 亿美元，其中 808.9 亿美元和 145.9 亿美元分别为美国北部和南部的损失。在整个时期，美国因大豆病害造成的年平均经济损失接近 45.5 亿美元，其中约 85%的损失发生在美国北部。与高产量/收获/生产区相比，低产量/收获/生产区的病害经济损失平均值明显较低。这一观察结果进一步得到了以下观察结果的支持：由于本研究中考虑的所有疾病，在 21 年期间，每个州的平均大豆产量损失（在每个州）与州内平均大豆产量（MT）、平均大豆产量（kg ha-1）和平均大豆收获面积（ha）呈正线性相关。这项调查的结果提供了有用的见解，说明如何在大豆病害管理中优先考虑研究、政策和教育工作。
