Wang Zhenhui, Li Chenghua
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China.
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2020 Aug;109:103693. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103693. Epub 2020 Mar 31.
Autophagy is a fundamental bulk intracellular degradation and recycling process that directly eliminates intracellular microorganisms through "xenophagy" in various types of cells, especially in macrophages. Meanwhile, bacteria have evolved strategies and cellular self-defense mechanisms to prevent autophagosomal degradation and even attack the immune system of host. The lack of knowledge about the roles of autophagy in innate immunity severely limits our understanding of host defensive system and the development of farmed industry consisting of aquaculture. Increasing evidence in recent decades has shown the importance of autophagy. This review focuses on the triggering of xenophagy, targeting of invading pathogens to autophagosomes and elimination in the autophagolysosomes during pathogen infection. How the pathogen can escape from the xenophagy pathway was also discussed. Overall, we aim to reduce diseases and improve industrial production in aquaculture by providing theoretical and technical guidance on xenophagy.
自噬是一种基本的细胞内大量降解和再循环过程，它通过“异噬作用”在各种类型的细胞中，尤其是巨噬细胞中直接清除细胞内微生物。同时，细菌已经进化出策略和细胞自我防御机制来防止自噬体降解，甚至攻击宿主的免疫系统。对自噬在先天免疫中作用的认识不足严重限制了我们对宿主防御系统以及水产养殖等养殖产业发展的理解。近几十年来越来越多的证据表明了自噬的重要性。本综述重点关注病原体感染期间异噬作用的触发、入侵病原体靶向自噬体以及在自噬溶酶体中的清除。还讨论了病原体如何逃避异噬途径。总体而言，我们旨在通过提供关于异噬作用的理论和技术指导来减少水产养殖中的疾病并提高产业产量。
