Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Department of Psychology, University of A Coruña, 15190 A Coruña, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 31;17(7):2380. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072380.
The results of a longitudinal study on the cognitive development of one group of full-term and three groups of low risk preterm children with different gestational ages (GA) are presented. The 181 participants were divided into four GA groups of similar size. The aims were: 1) To check if there are differences in cognitive development (measured through the Batelle scale) among the GA groups. 2) To establish the predictive factors of cognitive development at 22 and 60 months of age, taking into account biomedical, environmental and individual factors. The results of the repeated measures ANOVA performed at 22 and 60 months of age indicated that the cognitive trajectories of the four GA groups were similar. Linear regression analyses showed that the effect of the different predictors changed in relation to the time of measurement of cognitive development. Biological factors and the quality of home environment had a moderate effect on the cognitive development at 22 months of age. Cognitive results obtained at 22 months of age, and, to a lesser extent, working memory had the greatest effect on cognitive development at 60 months. GA does not predict cognitive development. Preterm children do not show cognitive delay if they are healthy.
本文呈现了一项针对一组足月婴儿和三组不同胎龄（GA）低危早产儿认知发展的纵向研究结果。181 名参与者被分为四个大小相似的 GA 组。目的是：1）检查 GA 组之间的认知发展（通过巴氏量表测量）是否存在差异。2）考虑生物医学、环境和个体因素，确定 22 个月和 60 个月时认知发展的预测因素。在 22 个月和 60 个月时进行的重复测量方差分析结果表明，四个 GA 组的认知轨迹相似。线性回归分析表明，不同预测因素的影响随着认知发展测量时间的变化而变化。生物因素和家庭环境质量对 22 个月时的认知发展有中等影响。22 个月时的认知结果，以及在较小程度上，工作记忆对 60 个月时的认知发展有最大影响。GA 不能预测认知发展。如果早产儿健康，他们不会出现认知延迟。
