Centre of Physics (CFUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Apr 1;21(7):2455. doi: 10.3390/ijms21072455.
Research on iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles and their clinical use has been, so far, mainly focused on the spherical shape. However, efforts have been made to develop synthetic routes that produce different anisotropic shapes not only in magnetite nanoparticles, but also in other ferrites, as their magnetic behavior and biological activity can be improved by controlling the shape. Ferrite nanoparticles show several properties that arise from finite-size and surface effects, like high magnetization and superparamagnetism, which make them interesting for use in nanomedicine. Herein, we show recent developments on the synthesis of anisotropic ferrite nanoparticles and the importance of shape-dependent properties for biomedical applications, such as magnetic drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging. A brief discussion on toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles is also included.
迄今为止，基于氧化铁的磁性纳米粒子及其临床应用的研究主要集中在球形上。然而，人们已经努力开发出合成路线，不仅可以在磁铁矿纳米粒子中，而且可以在其他铁氧体中产生不同各向异性的形状，因为通过控制形状可以改善其磁性能和生物活性。铁氧体纳米粒子表现出一些源于有限尺寸和表面效应的性质，例如高磁化率和超顺磁性，这使得它们在纳米医学中很有趣。本文展示了各向异性铁氧体纳米粒子的合成的最新进展，以及形状依赖性特性在生物医学应用中的重要性，例如磁性药物输送、磁热疗和磁共振成像。还简要讨论了氧化铁纳米粒子的毒性。
