Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
Molecules. 2020 Mar 21;25(6):1434. doi: 10.3390/molecules25061434.
Flow chemistry is an area of contemporary chemistry exploiting the hydrodynamic conditions of flowing liquids to provide particular environments for chemical reactions. These particular conditions of enhanced and strictly regulated transport of reagents, improved interface contacts, intensification of heat transfer, and safe operation with hazardous chemicals can be utilized in chemical synthesis, both for mechanization and automation of analytical procedures, and for the investigation of the kinetics of ultrafast reactions. Such methods are developed for more than half a century. In the field of chemical synthesis, they are used mostly in pharmaceutical chemistry for efficient syntheses of small amounts of active substances. In analytical chemistry, flow measuring systems are designed for environmental applications and industrial monitoring, as well as medical and pharmaceutical analysis, providing essential enhancement of the yield of analyses and precision of analytical determinations. The main concept of this review is to show the overlapping of development trends in the design of instrumentation and various ways of the utilization of specificity of chemical operations under flow conditions, especially for synthetic and analytical purposes, with a simultaneous presentation of the still rather limited correspondence between these two main areas of flow chemistry.
流动化学是当代化学的一个领域，利用流动液体的流体力学条件为化学反应提供特殊的环境。这些特殊的增强和严格控制的试剂传输条件、改进的界面接触、强化的传热以及使用危险化学品的安全操作，可以应用于化学合成，既可以实现分析程序的机械化和自动化，也可以用于超快反应动力学的研究。这些方法已经发展了半个多世纪。在化学合成领域，它们主要用于制药化学，以高效合成少量的活性物质。在分析化学中，流动测量系统设计用于环境应用和工业监测，以及医学和药物分析，为分析的产率和分析测定的精度提供了重要的提高。本综述的主要概念是展示仪器设计的发展趋势以及在流动条件下利用化学操作特异性的各种方法的重叠，特别是用于合成和分析目的，同时还展示了这两个流动化学主要领域之间仍然相当有限的对应关系。
