Rush University Medical Center (B.T.W.), and Twin Cities Orthopedics (R.F.L.).
Arthroscopy. 2020 Apr;36(4):1132-1134. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.01.030.
Historically described as the "dark side of the knee," the posterolateral corner of the knee has been a significant focus of anatomic, biomechanical, and clinical outcomes research due to poor treatment outcomes for these injuries before improvements over the past 2 decades. These research efforts have resulted in significant improvements in the understanding, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of these injuries. Perhaps most importantly, improved understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics has led to the development of anatomic-based reconstructions, which have been subsequently validated with both biomechanical and clinical outcomes. Due to the complex anatomy and proximity of neurovascular structures, reconstructions have historically used large "hockey stick" incisions to provide adequate visualization to identify the anatomic insertions of the static stabilizers and ensure adequate protection of neurovascular structures. These anatomic-based techniques have significantly improved the clinical and objective outcomes of the surgical treatment of posterolateral knee injuries. However, as techniques have evolved and the clinical outcomes have improved, clinicians have attempted to develop and employ less-invasive and arthroscopically assisted techniques. Specifically, given the steep learning curve, paucity of clinical outcomes, increased operative time, and the limited view of the anatomy, which may increase the risk of nonanatomic tunnel placement, and injuries to surrounding structures, we cannot support an arthroscopic approach at this time.
从历史上看,膝关节的后外侧角被称为“膝关节的阴暗面”,由于在过去 20 年中这些损伤的治疗效果不佳,因此成为解剖学、生物力学和临床结果研究的重点。这些研究工作极大地促进了对这些损伤的理解、诊断和手术治疗。也许最重要的是,对解剖结构和生物力学的理解的提高导致了基于解剖结构的重建,这些重建随后通过生物力学和临床结果得到了验证。由于解剖结构复杂,且靠近神经血管结构,因此重建术历史上一直使用大型“曲棍球棒”切口,以提供足够的可视化效果来识别静态稳定器的解剖插入部位,并确保对神经血管结构的充分保护。这些基于解剖结构的技术极大地改善了膝关节后外侧损伤的手术治疗的临床和客观结果。但是,随着技术的发展和临床结果的改善,临床医生试图开发和使用微创和关节镜辅助技术。具体而言,鉴于陡峭的学习曲线、临床结果不佳、手术时间延长以及解剖结构的视野有限,这可能会增加非解剖隧道放置和周围结构损伤的风险,因此我们目前不能支持关节镜手术方法。