VisMederi S.r.l, Siena, Italy.
Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020 Jun;18(6):563-577. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1751611. Epub 2020 Apr 17.
: Leishmaniasis represents one of the most dangerous neglected tropical diseases. The parasite used to show a well-defined geographical distribution; however, during the last decade the parasite has spread into new areas. This change in the worldwide distribution of the parasite and in leishmaniasis epidemiology is the result of man's ill-considered interventions in the environment and of the consequent global warming.: The present review focuses on Leishmaniasis incidence in the Mediterranean basin and underlines the pressing need to raise awareness toward the real burden of the disease in the European region. The research was undertaken using Pubmed and including all studies up to January 2020.: Environmental and climatic transformations have allowed the shifting northward of sand fly European geographical distribution, affecting areas traditionally considered as -free, including Northern Italy, Germany, and even Belgium. The large-scale migration from the Middle East and Africa to Europe, and particularly to Italy for its central position in the Mediterranean basin, represents an additional and critical risk factor for the spread not only of leishmaniasis but also of other potentially life-threatening diseases. These factors highlight how the current epidemiological European scenario could drastically evolve in the next future.
利什曼病是最危险的被忽视热带病之一。寄生虫过去有明确的地理分布；然而，在过去十年中，寄生虫已经传播到新的地区。寄生虫在世界范围内的分布和利什曼病流行病学的这种变化是人类对环境不当干预和由此导致的全球变暖的结果。本综述重点关注地中海盆地的利什曼病发病率，并强调需要提高对该疾病在欧洲地区实际负担的认识。研究使用 Pubmed 进行，包括截至 2020 年 1 月的所有研究。环境和气候的变化使得欧洲地区白蛉的地理分布向北转移，影响了传统上被认为无病的地区，包括意大利北部、德国，甚至比利时。从中东和非洲到欧洲的大规模移民，特别是意大利因其在地中海盆地的中心位置，是利什曼病传播的另一个额外的和关键的危险因素，也是其他可能危及生命的疾病传播的危险因素。这些因素表明，未来欧洲的当前流行病学情况可能会发生巨大变化。
