Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
JAMA Pediatr. 2020 Jun 1;174(6):e200223. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0223.
Whether quality- or quantity-based physical education (PE) interventions are associated with improvement of health-related physical fitness outcomes and fundamental motor skills (FMSs) in children and adolescents is unknown.
To examine the association of interventions aimed at optimizing PE in terms of quality (teaching strategies or fitness infusion) or quantity (lessons per week) with health-related physical fitness and FMSs in children and adolescents.
For this systematic review and meta-analysis, studies were identified through a systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry, and SPORTDiscus databases (from inception to October 10, 2019) with the keywords physical education OR PE OR P.E. AND fitness AND motor ability OR skills. Manual examination of references in selected articles was also performed.
Studies that assessed the association of quality- or quantity-based PE interventions with improvement in physical fitness and/or FMSs in youths (aged 3-18 years) were included.
Data were processed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled effect size (Hedges g).
Health-related physical fitness outcomes and FMSs.
Fifty-six trials composed of 48 185 youths (48% girls) were included in the meta-analysis. Quality-based PE interventions were associated with small increases in health-related physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness [Hedges g = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.16-0.32] and muscular strength [Hedges g = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.09-0.29]) and FMSs (Hedges g = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.27-0.49). Subgroup analyses found stronger associations for quality-based PE interventions on body mass index (Hedges g = -0.18; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.09), body fat (Hedges g = -0.28; 95% CI, -0.37 to -0.18), cardiorespiratory fitness (Hedges g = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.23-0.39), and muscular strength (Hedges g = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.18-0.39). Quantity-based PE interventions were associated with small increases in only cardiorespiratory fitness (Hedges g = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.30-0.55), muscular strength (Hedges g = 0.20; 95% CI, 0.08-0.31), and speed agility (Hedges g = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.07-0.51).
The findings suggest that quality-based PE interventions are associated with small increases in both student health-related physical fitness components and FMSs regardless of frequency or duration of PE lessons. Because PE aims to improve more than health, high levels of active learning time may need to be balanced with opportunities for instruction, feedback, and reflection.
目前尚不清楚基于质量（教学策略或健身渗透）或数量（每周课程）的体育教育干预措施是否与儿童和青少年健康相关的身体素质和基本运动技能（FMS）的改善有关。
研究旨在优化体育教育质量（教学策略或健身渗透）或数量（每周课程）的干预措施与儿童和青少年健康相关的身体素质和基本运动技能之间的关联。
在本次系统评价和荟萃分析中，通过对 Ovid MEDLINE、Embase、Cochrane 对照试验登记处和 SPORTDiscus 数据库（从开始到 2019 年 10 月 10 日）的系统搜索，使用关键词“体育教育”或“PE”或“P.E.”和“健身”和“运动能力”或“技能”来确定研究。还对选定文章中的参考文献进行了手动检查。
纳入评估基于质量或数量的体育教育干预措施与年轻人（3-18 岁）的身体素质和/或基本运动技能改善相关的研究。
根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南处理数据。随机效应模型用于估计合并效应大小（Hedges g）。
健康相关的身体素质结果和 FMS。
56 项试验共纳入 485185 名年轻人（48%为女孩）进行荟萃分析。基于质量的体育教育干预措施与健康相关身体素质的微小提高有关（心肺健康[Hedges g=0.24；95%CI，0.16-0.32]和肌肉力量[Hedges g=0.19；95%CI，0.09-0.29]）和 FMS（Hedges g=0.38；95%CI，0.27-0.49）。亚组分析发现，基于质量的体育教育干预措施与体重指数（Hedges g=-0.18；95%CI，-0.26 至-0.09）、体脂（Hedges g=-0.28；95%CI，-0.37 至-0.18）、心肺健康（Hedges g=0.31；95%CI，0.23-0.39）和肌肉力量（Hedges g=0.29；95%CI，0.18-0.39）的关联更强。基于数量的体育教育干预措施仅与心肺健康（Hedges g=0.42；95%CI，0.30-0.55）、肌肉力量（Hedges g=0.20；95%CI，0.08-0.31）和速度敏捷性（Hedges g=0.29；95%CI，0.07-0.51）的微小增加有关。
研究结果表明，无论体育课的频率或持续时间如何，基于质量的体育课干预措施与学生健康相关的身体素质成分和 FMS 的微小提高都有关联。由于体育课旨在提高的不仅仅是健康，因此可能需要平衡高水平的主动学习时间与教学、反馈和反思的机会。
