Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India.
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India.
Biomolecules. 2020 Apr 2;10(4):538. doi: 10.3390/biom10040538.
Ginsenosides are secondary metabolites that belong to the triterpenoid or saponin group. These occupy a unique place in the pharmaceutical sector, associated with the manufacturing of medicines and dietary supplements. These valuable secondary metabolites are predominantly used for the treatment of nervous and cardiac ailments. The conventional approaches for ginsenoside extraction are time-consuming and not feasible, and thus it has paved the way for the development of various biotechnological approaches, which would ameliorate the production and extraction process. This review delineates the biotechnological tools, such as conventional tissue culture, cell suspension culture, protoplast culture, polyploidy, in vitro mutagenesis, hairy root culture, that have been largely implemented for the enhanced production of ginsenosides. The use of bioreactors to scale up ginsenoside yield is also presented. The main aim of this review is to address the unexplored aspects and limitations of these biotechnological tools, so that a platform for the utilization of novel approaches can be established to further increase the production of ginsenosides in the near future.
人参皂苷是属于三萜或皂苷类的次生代谢产物。这些在制药领域占有独特的地位，与药品和膳食补充剂的制造有关。这些有价值的次生代谢产物主要用于治疗神经和心脏疾病。传统的人参皂苷提取方法既耗时又不可行，因此为各种生物技术方法的发展铺平了道路，这些方法将改善生产和提取过程。本文综述了生物技术工具，如常规组织培养、细胞悬浮培养、原生质体培养、多倍体、体外诱变、发根培养等，这些工具已被广泛应用于提高人参皂苷的产量。还介绍了使用生物反应器来扩大人参皂苷产量的方法。本文的主要目的是解决这些生物技术工具的未开发方面和局限性，以便为利用新方法建立一个平台，以在不久的将来进一步提高人参皂苷的产量。
