Malmedal Wenche, Steinsheim Gunn, Nordtug Bente, Blindheim Kari, Alnes Rigmor Einang, Moe Aud
Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Centre of Care Research, Steinkjer, Norway.
J Multidiscip Healthc. 2020 Mar 23;13:309-319. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S241246. eCollection 2020.
The society needs volunteers to fulfill its duty to ensure that people with dementia have active and meaningful everyday lives. Volunteers seem to experience their work as positive and meaningful for their own part, but we know less about what motivates volunteers to start working in home-dwelling dementia care and what motivates them to continue their engagement. This study seeks to close some of the knowledge gaps that exist regarding volunteers' engagement in activities for persons with dementia.
The aim of this study was to explore what motivates volunteers to start engaging in volunteer work in home-dwelling dementia care and what motivates them to continue their engagement.
The study design was qualitative, using focus group interviews. Three focus group interviews (n=16) took place between May and June 2018. The text was analyzed using content analysis.
Findings in this study indicate that the volunteers were motivated by the feeling of doing an important job for the persons with dementia and their relatives, and that they contribute to their coping with everyday life. Other motivating factors included feeling important to someone, gaining friendship, and sharing common interests. They also believed that they do an important job for the community to fulfill society's goal that people with dementia should stay home longer. However, the volunteers were confused about their role and ask for knowledge, peer support, and clarification of roles.
To maintain motivation volunteers need to know what his/her role is. A volunteer can and shall not act as a substitute for a professional, only as a supplement, and the expectations must be addressed to all stakeholders: the health care service, the volunteer, the person with dementia, and their relatives, as we believe that this will contribute to diminishing misunderstandings.
社会需要志愿者履行职责，以确保痴呆症患者能拥有积极且有意义的日常生活。志愿者自身似乎觉得这份工作积极且有意义，但我们对促使志愿者开始从事居家痴呆症护理工作以及促使他们持续参与的动机了解较少。本研究旨在填补在志愿者参与痴呆症患者活动方面存在的一些知识空白。
本研究的目的是探究促使志愿者开始从事居家痴呆症护理志愿者工作的动机以及促使他们持续参与的动机。
本研究采用定性研究设计，运用焦点小组访谈法。2018年5月至6月期间进行了三次焦点小组访谈（n = 16）。采用内容分析法对文本进行分析。
本研究结果表明，志愿者的动机在于为痴呆症患者及其亲属做重要工作的感觉，以及他们有助于患者应对日常生活。其他激励因素包括对某人而言感觉重要、获得友谊以及分享共同兴趣。他们还认为自己为社区做了重要工作，以实现社会让痴呆症患者能更长时间居家的目标。然而，志愿者对自己的角色感到困惑，希望获得知识、同伴支持以及角色的明确说明。
为保持积极性，志愿者需要清楚自己的角色。志愿者可以且不应替代专业人员，而只能作为补充，必须向所有利益相关者阐明期望：医疗保健服务机构、志愿者、痴呆症患者及其亲属，因为我们认为这将有助于减少误解。
