Li Yichen, Faden Howard S, Zhu Lixin
Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
Front Pharmacol. 2020 Mar 17;11:334. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00334. eCollection 2020.
The infant gut microbiota undergoes significant changes in the first two years of life in response to changes in the diet. The discontinuation of the milk-based diet of the first year and the introduction of solid foods in the second year of life results in a decline in , a shift from infant strains of to adult strains which preferentially metabolize oligosaccharides derived from plants rather than from milk, a surge in short chain fatty acids such as acetic, propionic and butyric acid from newly acquired commensal , and the transformation of primary bile acids into secondary bile acids by a limited number of newly acquired and highly specialized spp. By 3 years of age, diet and gut microbiota closely resemble those of adults. Gut bacteria required for the production of SCFAs and secondary BAs are potential targets for the intervention of microbiome-related diseases.
婴儿肠道微生物群在生命的头两年会因饮食变化而发生显著变化。第一年以牛奶为基础的饮食中断，第二年引入固体食物，导致双歧杆菌数量减少，从婴儿双歧杆菌菌株转变为优先代谢源自植物而非牛奶的低聚糖的成人双歧杆菌菌株，新获得的共生细菌产生的乙酸、丙酸和丁酸等短链脂肪酸激增，以及有限数量新获得的高度专业化的梭菌属物种将初级胆汁酸转化为次级胆汁酸。到3岁时，饮食和肠道微生物群与成年人的非常相似。产生短链脂肪酸和次级胆汁酸所需的肠道细菌是微生物组相关疾病干预的潜在靶点。
