Krzysiak Michał K, Demiaszkiwicz Aleksander W, Larska Magdalena, Tomana Jarosław, Anusz Krzysztof
Białowieża National Park, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland.
Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Białystok, Poland.
J Vet Res. 2020 Mar 24;64(1):103-110. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0022. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Common parasites of the European bison include gastro-intestinal and pulmonary nematodes, liver flukes (), tapeworms, and protozoa of the genus . This study compared the extensiveness and intensities of European bison parasitic invasions in three north-eastern Polish forests in different seasons and queried the role of parasitological monitoring in sanitary and hygienic control of feeding places.
Faecal samples were collected in the Białowieża, Knyszyńska, and Borecka Forests between 2014 and 2016, as were some from an area neighbouring the Białowieża Forest outside the Natura 2000 protected area. Parasites were detected in individual samples with the flotation, decanting and Baermann methods.
The eggs of , sp., sp., spp., sp., spp., and ; the larvae of ; and the oocytes of spp. were identified. Significant variation in invasion intensity and diversity was seen by origin and season. The relationships were assessed first by univariable tests and next multivariately, when origin and season emerged as the major risk factors for exposure to most of the parasites.
The differences in the level of parasitic infection between the forests did not have implications for its sufficiency to cause clinical symptoms. However, the associations and risk factors found enable the necessary preventive measures to be taken to protect the E. bison from exposure or decrease the risks. Additionally, parasitological monitoring is appropriate as the method of sanitary and hygienic control of European bison winter feeding places. Threats to public health through adventitious invasions by zoonotic factors such as have been identified.
欧洲野牛的常见寄生虫包括胃肠和肺部线虫、肝吸虫（）、绦虫以及属的原生动物。本研究比较了波兰东北部三片森林中不同季节欧洲野牛寄生虫侵袭的范围和强度，并探讨了寄生虫学监测在饲养场所卫生控制中的作用。
2014年至2016年期间，在比亚沃维耶扎森林、克尼斯辛斯卡森林和博雷茨卡森林采集粪便样本，同时也从2000自然保护区外与比亚沃维耶扎森林相邻的区域采集了一些样本。采用浮选法、倾析法和贝尔曼法检测单个样本中的寄生虫。
鉴定出了、属某些种、属某些种、属某些种、属某些种、属某些种和的虫卵；的幼虫；以及属某些种的卵母细胞。侵袭强度和多样性因来源和季节存在显著差异。首先通过单变量检验评估这些关系，然后进行多变量评估，结果发现来源和季节是接触大多数寄生虫的主要风险因素。
森林之间寄生虫感染水平的差异对引发临床症状的充足程度没有影响。然而，所发现的关联和风险因素有助于采取必要的预防措施，保护欧洲野牛免受感染或降低风险。此外，寄生虫学监测适合作为欧洲野牛冬季饲养场所卫生控制的方法。已确定了诸如等动物源性因素意外侵袭对公众健康造成的威胁。
