Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Apr 4;21(7):2514. doi: 10.3390/ijms21072514.
Extracellular vesicles act as shuttle vectors or signal transducers that can deliver specific biological information and have progressively emerged as key regulators of organized communities of cells within multicellular organisms in health and disease. Here, we survey the evolutionary origin, general characteristics, and biological significance of extracellular vesicles as mediators of intercellular signaling, discuss the various subtypes of extracellular vesicles thus far described and the principal methodological approaches to their study, and review the role of extracellular vesicles in tumorigenesis, immunity, non-synaptic neural communication, vascular-neural communication through the blood-brain barrier, renal pathophysiology, and embryo-fetal/maternal communication through the placenta.
细胞外囊泡作为穿梭载体或信号转导器，可以传递特定的生物信息，并逐渐成为多细胞生物中细胞群体有序活动的关键调节因子，无论是在健康状态还是疾病状态下都是如此。在此，我们综述了细胞外囊泡作为细胞间信号转导介质的进化起源、一般特征和生物学意义，讨论了迄今为止描述的各种细胞外囊泡亚型及其主要研究方法，并综述了细胞外囊泡在肿瘤发生、免疫、非突触神经通讯、血脑屏障的血管-神经通讯、肾脏病理生理学以及胎盘的胚胎-胎儿/母体通讯中的作用。
