Zou Zheyi, Li Yajie, Lu Ziheng, Wang Da, Cui Yanhua, Guo Bingkun, Li Yuanji, Liang Xinmiao, Feng Jiwen, Li Hong, Nan Ce-Wen, Armand Michel, Chen Liquan, Xu Kang, Shi Siqi
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Chem Rev. 2020 May 13;120(9):4169-4221. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00760. Epub 2020 Apr 8.
Fast ion conduction in solid-state matrices constitutes the foundation for a wide spectrum of electrochemical systems that use solid electrolytes (SEs), examples of which include solid-state batteries (SSBs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and diversified gas sensors. Mixing different solid conductors to form composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) introduces unique opportunities for SEs to possess exceptional overall performance far superior to their individual parental solids, thanks to the abundant chemistry and physics at the new interfaces thus created. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth examination of the development and understanding of CSEs for SSBs, with special focus on their physiochemical properties and mechanisms of ion transport therein. The origin of the enhanced ionic conductivity in CSEs relative to their single-phase parents is discussed in the context of defect chemistry and interfacial reactions. The models/theories for ion movement in diversified composites are critically reviewed to interrogate a general strategy to the design of novel CSEs, while properties such as mechanical strength and electrochemical stability are discussed in view of their perspective applications in lithium metal batteries and beyond. As an integral component of understanding how ions interact with their composite environments, characterization techniques to probe the ion transport kinetics across different temporal and spatial time scales are also summarized.
固态基质中的快速离子传导构成了广泛使用固体电解质（SEs）的电化学系统的基础，其中包括固态电池（SSBs）、固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFCs）以及各种气体传感器。通过混合不同的固体导体形成复合固体电解质（CSEs），由于新形成的界面具有丰富的化学和物理性质，这为固体电解质提供了独特的机会，使其具有远优于其单一母体固体的卓越综合性能。在这篇综述中，我们对用于固态电池的复合固体电解质的发展和理解进行了全面而深入的研究，特别关注其物理化学性质以及其中离子传输的机制。在缺陷化学和界面反应的背景下，讨论了复合固体电解质相对于其单相母体离子电导率增强的起源。对多种复合材料中离子运动的模型/理论进行了批判性综述，以探究设计新型复合固体电解质的通用策略，同时鉴于其在锂金属电池及其他领域的潜在应用，讨论了诸如机械强度和电化学稳定性等性质。作为理解离子如何与其复合环境相互作用的一个组成部分，还总结了用于探测不同时间和空间尺度上离子传输动力学的表征技术。
