Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig, Philippines.
Nutrients. 2020 Apr 6;12(4):1009. doi: 10.3390/nu12041009.
Nutrition is an integral part of economic development, since it influences workers' healthand productivity. This study evaluated the usual nutrient intakes and food sources of workingadults. We conducted a cross-sectional survey that involved 1264 selected working adults aged 19to 59 years old from randomly selected job sectors. Quantitative dietary data was collected by a 2-day, non-consecutive 24 h recall, while a dietary diversity questionnaire was used to assess the typesand frequency of foods consumed. Physical activity was measured using the World HealthOrganization global physical assessment questionnaire. The prevalence of inadequate intakes,defined as the percentage of adults with intakes less than the estimated average requirements (EAR)or acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR) were estimated using the PC-Softwarefor Intake Distribution Estimation (PC-SIDE) program. The mean daily energy intake of workingadults was 1768 kcal/day or 74% of the Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for this age group.The percentage contribution to the total energy of fats (58%) and proteins (34%) were excessivelyhigh. Consumption of fruits and vegetables was only 30% and 40% of the recommended nutrientintake, respectively. Salt intake was 52% above the adequate intake. Nutrient inadequacy was highin almost all nutrients, including iron (99%), folate (97.9%), riboflavin (95.8%), calcium (94.7%),vitamin C (87.3%), and thiamin (76.6%). The top five food sources of energy included rice (35.6%),pork (15.1%), fats and oils (4.7%), chicken (4.4%), and bread (3.8%). Energy and nutrient intakes ofworking adults is extremely sub-optimal due to the consumption of few nutrient-dense foods. Thismay pose a triple burden of malnutrition if left unsolved.
营养是经济发展的一个组成部分，因为它影响到工人的健康和生产力。本研究评估了成年工作者的常用营养素摄入量和食物来源。我们进行了一项横断面调查，从随机选择的工作部门中选择了 1264 名 19 至 59 岁的成年工作者。通过 2 天非连续 24 小时回顾收集定量膳食数据，同时使用膳食多样性问卷评估食物的种类和频率。使用世界卫生组织全球身体评估问卷测量身体活动。使用 PC 软件进行摄入量分布估计 (PC-SIDE) 程序估计摄入量不足的患病率，定义为摄入量低于估计平均需求量 (EAR) 或可接受的宏量营养素分布范围 (AMDR) 的成年人百分比。成年工作者的平均每日能量摄入量为 1768 千卡/天，或相当于该年龄组估计能量需求 (EER) 的 74%。脂肪 (58%) 和蛋白质 (34%) 对总能量的贡献率过高。水果和蔬菜的消耗量分别仅为推荐营养素摄入量的 30%和 40%。盐摄入量比充足摄入量高出 52%。几乎所有营养素的营养不足率都很高，包括铁 (99%)、叶酸 (97.9%)、核黄素 (95.8%)、钙 (94.7%)、维生素 C (87.3%) 和硫胺素 (76.6%)。能量的前五大食物来源包括米饭 (35.6%)、猪肉 (15.1%)、脂肪和油 (4.7%)、鸡肉 (4.4%) 和面包 (3.8%)。由于食用的营养密集型食物较少，成年工作者的能量和营养素摄入量极不理想。如果不解决这个问题，可能会造成营养不良的三重负担。
