Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Public Health. 2020 Mar 25;8:92. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00092. eCollection 2020.
Ready-to-eat salad harbors microorganisms that may carry various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, few studies have focused on the prevalence of ARGs on salad, thus underestimating the risk of ARGs transferring from salad to consumers. In this small-scale study, high-throughput quantitative PCR was used to explore the presence, prevalence and abundance of ARGs associated with serving salad sourced from two restaurant types, fast-food chain and independent casual dining. A total of 156 unique ARGs and nine mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected on the salad items assessed. The abundance of ARGs and MGEs were significantly higher in independent casual dining than fast-food chain restaurants. Absolute copies of ARGs in salad were 1.34 × 10 to 2.71 × 10 and 1.90 × 10 to 4.87 × 10 copies per g salad in fast-food and casual dining restaurants, respectively. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were the dominant bacterial phyla detected from salad samples. , and were the 10 most dominant bacterial genera found in salad samples. A significant positive correlation between ARGs and MGEs was detected. These results integrate knowledge about the ARGs in ready-to-eat salad and highlight the potential impact of ARGs transfer to consumers.
即食沙拉中含有可能携带各种抗生素耐药基因 (ARGs) 的微生物。然而，很少有研究关注沙拉上 ARGs 的流行情况，因此低估了 ARGs 从沙拉转移到消费者的风险。在这项小规模研究中，使用高通量定量 PCR 来探索源自两种餐厅类型（快餐连锁店和独立休闲餐厅）的沙拉中与食用相关的 ARGs 的存在、流行和丰度。在所评估的沙拉项目中检测到了 156 个独特的 ARGs 和 9 个移动遗传元件 (MGE)。独立休闲餐厅中 ARGs 和 MGE 的丰度明显高于快餐连锁店。快餐和休闲餐厅中沙拉中 ARGs 的绝对拷贝数分别为 1.34×10 到 2.71×10 和 1.90×10 到 4.87×10 拷贝/克沙拉。从沙拉样品中检测到的优势细菌门为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和厚壁菌门。在沙拉样品中发现的 10 个最主要的细菌属为 、 、 和 。检测到 ARGs 和 MGE 之间存在显著正相关。这些结果整合了有关即食沙拉中 ARGs 的知识，并强调了 ARGs 转移给消费者的潜在影响。
