Ali Essa, Saand Mumtaz Ali, Khan Ali Raza, Shah Jawad Munawar, Feng Simin, Ming Cai, Sun Peilong
Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
Department of Botany, Shah Abdul Latif University, Sindh, 66020, Pakistan.
Physiol Plant. 2021 Apr;171(4):483-501. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13105. Epub 2020 Jun 9.
The detoxification efflux carriers (DTX)/multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters encompass an ancient gene family of secondary transporters involved in the process of plant detoxification. A genome-wide analysis of these transporters was carried out in order to better understand the transport of secondary metabolites in flaxseed genome (Linum usitassimum). A total of 73 genes coding for DTX/MATE transporters were identified. Gene structure, protein domain and motif organization were found to be notably conserved over the distinct phylogenetic groups, showing the evolutionary significant role of each class. Gene ontology (GO) annotation revealed a link to transporter activities, response to stimulus and localizations. The presence of various hormone and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements in promoter regions could be directly correlated with the alteration of their transcripts. Tertiary structure showed conservation for pore size and constrains in the pore, which indicate their involvement in the exclusion of toxic substances from the cell. MicroRNA target analysis revealed that LuDTXs genes were targeted by different classes of miRNA families. Twelve LuDTX genes were chosen for further quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in response to cold, salinity and cadmium stress at 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Altogether, the identified members of the DTX gene family, their expression profile, phylogenetic and miRNAs analysis might provide opportunities for future functional validation of this important gene family in flax.
解毒外排载体（DTX）/多药及有毒化合物外排（MATE）转运蛋白构成了一个古老的次级转运蛋白基因家族，参与植物解毒过程。为了更好地了解亚麻籽基因组（亚麻）中次生代谢产物的转运，对这些转运蛋白进行了全基因组分析。共鉴定出73个编码DTX/MATE转运蛋白的基因。发现基因结构、蛋白质结构域和基序组织在不同的系统发育组中显著保守，表明每个类别具有重要的进化作用。基因本体（GO）注释揭示了与转运蛋白活性、对刺激的反应和定位的联系。启动子区域中各种激素和应激反应顺式调控元件的存在可能与它们转录本的变化直接相关。三级结构显示孔大小和孔内限制的保守性，这表明它们参与了细胞内有毒物质的排出。微小RNA靶标分析表明，LuDTXs基因被不同类别的微小RNA家族靶向。选择12个LuDTX基因进行进一步的定量实时聚合酶链反应分析，以检测处理后0、6、12和24小时对冷、盐度和镉胁迫的反应。总之，鉴定出的DTX基因家族成员、它们 的表达谱、系统发育和微小RNA分析可能为未来对亚麻中这个重要基因家族进行功能验证提供机会。
