老鼠视觉系统中经验依赖性可塑性的基础电路。
Circuitry Underlying Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Mouse Visual System.
机构信息
Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, W1458 BSTWR, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
出版信息
Neuron. 2020 Apr 8;106(1):21-36. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.031.
Since the discovery of ocular dominance plasticity, neuroscientists have understood that changes in visual experience during a discrete developmental time, the critical period, trigger robust changes in the visual cortex. State-of-the-art tools used to probe connectivity with cell-type-specific resolution have expanded the understanding of circuit changes underlying experience-dependent plasticity. Here, we review the visual circuitry of the mouse, describing projections from retina to thalamus, between thalamus and cortex, and within cortex. We discuss how visual circuit development leads to precise connectivity and identify synaptic loci, which can be altered by activity or experience. Plasticity extends to visual features beyond ocular dominance, involving subcortical and cortical regions, and connections between cortical inhibitory interneurons. Experience-dependent plasticity contributes to the alignment of networks spanning retina to thalamus to cortex. Disruption of this plasticity may underlie aberrant sensory processing in some neurodevelopmental disorders.
自眼优势可塑性被发现以来，神经科学家已经了解到，在特定的发育时期（关键期），视觉经验的变化会引发视觉皮层的强烈变化。用于探测具有细胞类型特异性分辨率的连接的最先进工具扩展了对经验依赖性可塑性基础下的回路变化的理解。在这里，我们回顾了小鼠的视觉回路，描述了从视网膜到丘脑、丘脑到皮层以及皮层内的投射。我们讨论了视觉回路的发育如何导致精确的连接，并确定了可以通过活动或经验改变的突触位置。可塑性扩展到眼优势以外的视觉特征，涉及皮质下和皮质区域，以及皮质抑制性中间神经元之间的连接。经验依赖性可塑性有助于跨越视网膜到丘脑到皮层的网络对齐。这种可塑性的破坏可能是一些神经发育障碍中异常感觉处理的基础。
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