Puspitasari Irma M, Sinuraya Rano K, Rahayu Cherry, Witriani Witriani, Zannah Uzlifatul, Hafifah Auliani, Ningtyas Ajeng R, Vildayanti Hilda
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia.
Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020 Mar 26;16:815-828. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S240058. eCollection 2020.
The present retrospective study aimed to determine the medication profile and estimate the treatment costs from medical records of new outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety disorders from a healthcare perspective at a national referral hospital in Indonesia from 2016 to 2018.
Medical records (including medical and administrative data) of 357 new outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, or anxiety disorders were collected from the hospital information system. The records of new outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, or anxiety disorders aged >18 years and had only received drugs for treatment were included. The medication profile was descriptively assessed, and estimated costs were calculated based on direct costs from a healthcare perspective.
Overall, 173 medical records were further analyzed. The main drugs administered to the new outpatients were atypical and typical antipsychotics for schizophrenia, atypical antipsychotics and mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder, antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics for depression, and antidepressants and benzodiazepines for anxiety disorders. The average annual treatment costs per patient were IDR 3,307,931 (USD 236) for schizophrenia, IDR 17,978,865 (USD 1,284) for bipolar disorder, IDR 1,601,850 (USD 114) for depression, and IDR 1,190,563 (USD 85) for anxiety disorders.
The most commonly prescribed drugs for schizophrenia were haloperidol and risperidone; for bipolar disorders, sodium divalproex and risperidone; for depression, fluoxetine and sertraline; and for anxiety disorders, sertraline and lorazepam. Considering the high prevalence and estimated treatment costs for mental disorders, special attention is required to prevent an increase in their prevalence in Indonesia.
本回顾性研究旨在从医疗保健角度，根据印度尼西亚一家国家级转诊医院2016年至2018年新门诊精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、抑郁症和焦虑症患者的病历确定用药情况并估算治疗费用。
从医院信息系统收集了357例新门诊精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、抑郁症或焦虑症患者的病历（包括医疗和管理数据）。纳入年龄大于18岁且仅接受药物治疗的新门诊精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、抑郁症或焦虑症患者的病历。对用药情况进行描述性评估，并从医疗保健角度根据直接成本计算估算费用。
总体而言，对173份病历进行了进一步分析。新门诊患者使用的主要药物为：治疗精神分裂症的非典型和典型抗精神病药物；治疗双相情感障碍的非典型抗精神病药物和心境稳定剂；治疗抑郁症的抗抑郁药和非典型抗精神病药物；治疗焦虑症的抗抑郁药和苯二氮䓬类药物。精神分裂症患者平均每年治疗费用为3,307,931印尼盾（236美元），双相情感障碍患者为17,978,865印尼盾（1,284美元），抑郁症患者为1,601,850印尼盾（114美元），焦虑症患者为1,190,563印尼盾（85美元）。
精神分裂症最常处方的药物是氟哌啶醇和利培酮；双相情感障碍是丙戊酸钠和利培酮；抑郁症是氟西汀和舍曲林；焦虑症是舍曲林和劳拉西泮。鉴于精神障碍的高患病率和估算的治疗费用，需要特别关注以防止其在印度尼西亚的患病率上升。
