Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
Nutr J. 2020 Apr 10;19(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s12937-020-00540-0.
Depression is the single largest contributor to global disability. There is growing evidence that a healthy diet is associated with reduced depression risk. However, beyond the Mediterranean diet, few longitudinal studies have explored the relationship between adherence to national dietary guidelines and depression. Hence, this study investigates the relationship between adherence to Australian Dietary Guidelines and depressive symptoms.
Data was drawn from the READI longitudinal study, a prospective cohort study of socioeconomically disadvantaged Australian women. This analysis includes a sub-sample of 837 women. A generalized linear model was used to explore whether baseline diet (assessed using the Dietary Guideline Index (DGI-2013; score range 0 to 85)) was associated with risk of developing depressive symptoms (measured by the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D)) at 5 years follow-up, whilst adjusting for potential confounders. A fixed-effects model was used to assess associations between concurrent changes in diet quality and depressive symptoms from baseline to 5 years follow-up.
An association between baseline diet quality and risk of developing depressive symptoms at follow-up was observed, where a 10 unit increase in DGI-2013 score was associated with an estimated 12% lower risk of developing heightened depressive symptoms (RR = 0.875, 95%CI 0.784 to 0.978, p = 0.018). The fixed-effects model indicated that an increase in DGI score over 5 years follow-up was associated with a lower (improved) CES-D score (B = -0.044, 95% CI - 0.08 to - 0.01, p = 0.024).
Our results provide evidence that better adherence to the Australian Dietary Guidelines may result in improved depressive symptoms. The growing high-quality evidence regarding the diet-depression relationship provides us with a rationale for developing strategies for supporting dietary behaviour change programs to lower depression rates.
抑郁症是全球残疾的最大单一因素。越来越多的证据表明，健康的饮食与降低抑郁症风险有关。然而，除了地中海饮食之外，很少有纵向研究探索遵守国家饮食指南与抑郁症之间的关系。因此，本研究调查了遵守澳大利亚饮食指南与抑郁症状之间的关系。
数据来自 READI 纵向研究，这是一项针对澳大利亚社会经济弱势群体女性的前瞻性队列研究。本分析包括 837 名女性的子样本。使用广义线性模型探讨基线饮食（使用饮食指南指数（DGI-2013；评分范围 0 至 85）评估）与 5 年后出现抑郁症状（通过流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）测量）之间的关系，同时调整潜在的混杂因素。使用固定效应模型评估从基线到 5 年随访期间饮食质量与抑郁症状之间的同期变化之间的关联。
观察到基线饮食质量与随访时出现抑郁症状的风险之间存在关联，DGI-2013 评分增加 10 个单位与发展为高度抑郁症状的风险降低 12%有关（RR=0.875，95%CI 0.784 至 0.978，p=0.018）。固定效应模型表明，5 年随访期间 DGI 评分的增加与 CES-D 评分的降低（改善）相关（B=-0.044，95%CI -0.08 至 -0.01，p=0.024）。
我们的结果提供了证据表明，更好地遵守澳大利亚饮食指南可能会改善抑郁症状。关于饮食与抑郁关系的高质量证据越来越多，为我们提供了制定支持饮食行为改变计划以降低抑郁率的策略的理由。
