Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark.
Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark.
Exp Gerontol. 2020 Jul 15;136:110939. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110939. Epub 2020 Apr 8.
Physical muscle function and brain hippocampus size declines with age, accelerating after the age of 60. Strength training over a few months improves physical function, but less is known about how long-term strength training affects physical function and hippocampus volume. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of 1-year strength training of two different intensities upon muscle mass, function, and hippocampus volume in retirement-age individuals.
In this multidisciplinary randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02123641), participants were allocated to either a) supervised, heavy resistance training (HRT, n = 149, 3/wk), b) moderate intensity resistance training (MIT, n = 154, 3/wk) or c) non-exercise activities (CON, n = 148). 451 participants were randomized (62-70 yrs., women 61%, ≈80% with a chronic medical disease) and 419 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (n = 143, 144 and 132; HRT, MIT and CON). Changes in muscle power (primary outcome), strength and size, physical function, body composition, hippocampus volume and physical/mental well-being were analyzed.
Of the participants (HRT + MIT), 83% completed training at least 2/week. Leg extensor power was unchanged in all groups, but strength training had a positive effect on isometric knee extensor strength in both groups, whereas an increased muscle mass, cross-sectional area of vastus lateralis muscle, a decreased whole-body fat percentage, visceral fat content and an improved mental health (SF-36) occurred in HRT only. Further, chair-stand performance improved in all groups, whereas hippocampus volume decreased in all groups over time with no influence of strength training.
Together, the results indicate that leg extensor power did not respond to long-term supervised strength training, but this type of training in a mixed group of healthy and chronically diseased elderly individuals can be implemented with good compliance and induces consistent changes in physiological parameters of muscle strength, muscle mass and abdominal fat.
身体肌肉功能和大脑海马体体积随年龄增长而下降，60 岁后加速下降。几个月的力量训练可改善身体功能，但关于长期力量训练如何影响身体功能和海马体体积知之甚少。因此，我们旨在研究为期 1 年的两种不同强度的力量训练对退休年龄个体的肌肉质量、功能和海马体体积的影响。
在这项多学科随机对照试验（clinicaltrials.gov：NCT02123641）中，参与者被分配到以下三组：a）监督下的大强度阻力训练（HRT，n=149，每周 3 次），b）中等强度阻力训练（MIT，n=154，每周 3 次）或 c）非运动活动（CON，n=148）。451 名参与者被随机分组（62-70 岁，女性占 61%，约 80%患有慢性疾病），419 名参与者被纳入意向治疗分析（n=143、144 和 132；HRT、MIT 和 CON）。分析了肌肉力量（主要结局）、力量和大小、身体功能、身体成分、海马体体积以及身体/心理健康的变化。
在参与者（HRT+MIT）中，83%的人每周至少完成 2 次训练。所有组的腿部伸肌力量均无变化，但力量训练对两组的等长膝关节伸肌力量均有积极影响，而只有 HRT 组的肌肉质量增加、股外侧肌横截面积增加、全身脂肪百分比降低、内脏脂肪含量降低和心理健康（SF-36）改善。此外，所有组的坐立起身表现均有所改善，而随着时间的推移，所有组的海马体体积均下降，力量训练没有影响。
总的来说，结果表明腿部伸肌力量对长期监督下的力量训练没有反应，但这种类型的训练可以在健康和患有慢性疾病的老年人群体中实施，且具有良好的依从性，并引起肌肉力量、肌肉质量和腹部脂肪的生理参数的一致变化。
