Zhao Bin, Zhang Zhao, Li Xianting
Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
Build Environ. 2005 Aug;40(8):1032-1039. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.09.018. Epub 2004 Nov 24.
The outbreak of atypical pneumonia, referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), has spread to many countries in the world. SARS may infect human bodies by the tiny droplets or particles carrying various virus and bacteria, which are generated by the respiratory system of infected patients. This paper presents the numerical analysis of the influence of generating ways of the droplets or particles on the transport and distribution of the droplets or particles indoors. The drift flux model, which considers the settling of particles or droplets under the effect of gravitational sedimentation, is adopted to simulate the droplets transport and distribution indoors during respiration and sneezing or coughing process, while the simplified model for solving the continuous fluid flow is combined. Two different cases considering the normal respiration and coughing or sneezing are studied, respectively, and two different outlet velocities from the mouth for the sneezing or coughing process are considered. The results show that droplets or particles generated by normal breathing process transport a relatively short distance, while droplets or particles generated during coughing or sneezing may travel much longer distances, which may pose adverse effect on human bodies for defending the SARS or other infectious diseases.
非典型肺炎（简称严重急性呼吸综合征，即SARS）疫情已蔓延至世界许多国家。SARS可能通过受感染患者呼吸系统产生的携带各种病毒和细菌的微小飞沫或颗粒感染人体。本文对飞沫或颗粒的产生方式对室内飞沫或颗粒的传输和分布的影响进行了数值分析。采用考虑颗粒或液滴在重力沉降作用下沉降的漂移通量模型，模拟呼吸、打喷嚏或咳嗽过程中室内飞沫的传输和分布，同时结合求解连续流体流动的简化模型。分别研究了考虑正常呼吸和咳嗽或打喷嚏的两种不同情况，并考虑了打喷嚏或咳嗽过程中从口腔喷出的两种不同出口速度。结果表明，正常呼吸过程产生的飞沫或颗粒传播距离相对较短，而咳嗽或打喷嚏过程中产生的飞沫或颗粒可能传播更远的距离，这可能对人体抵御SARS或其他传染病造成不利影响。
