Wang Chun-Yuan, Guo Jinyun, Kuo Ming-Feng
Department of Police Administration, Central Police University, Taiwan.
School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China.
Saf Sci. 2020 Jun;126:104662. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104662. Epub 2020 Feb 21.
In November 2007, China implemented its Emergency Response Law to ensure national unified leadership and collaboration when responding to emergencies. In recent years, China's main focuses for enhancing disaster management have included emergency preparation, emergency management, and legal system mechanisms. However, its well-designed management system faced a great challenge during the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. By examining the literature on the development of disaster management, we realized that enhancing self-organization in communities can effectively resolve problems caused by collective actions and strengthen resilience to disasters. In the decade since the Wenchuan earthquake, the literature has focused more on empowering communities during disaster management in China. However, literature on the compatibility of social resilience and the government-dominant model in China is still scant. This study investigates China's current disaster management system design; specifically, it identifies ways and methods for counteracting any conflicts between disaster management under social synergies and China's emergency management system. It further explores what factors facilitate the balance between social synergies and the emergency management system if the two concepts were fused together. Using case studies, in-depth interviews, and a focus group in the field of public administration, this study collected qualitative data to understand the changes in China's disaster management system since the Wenchuan earthquake as well as provide recommendations for future reform.
2007年11月，中国实施了《突发事件应对法》，以确保在应对突发事件时实行国家统一领导与协作。近年来，中国加强灾害管理的主要重点包括应急准备、应急管理和法律制度机制。然而，其精心设计的管理体系在2008年汶川地震期间面临了巨大挑战。通过研究灾害管理发展的相关文献，我们认识到增强社区的自我组织能力可以有效解决集体行动引发的问题，并增强对灾害的抵御能力。自汶川地震后的十年里，中国的文献更多地聚焦于在灾害管理中赋予社区权力。然而，关于中国社会抵御能力与政府主导模式兼容性的文献仍然匮乏。本研究调查了中国当前的灾害管理体系设计；具体而言，它确定了应对社会协同作用下的灾害管理与中国应急管理体系之间冲突的方式和方法。如果将这两个概念融合在一起，它还进一步探讨了哪些因素有助于实现社会协同作用与应急管理体系之间的平衡。本研究通过案例研究、深入访谈以及公共管理领域的焦点小组，收集定性数据，以了解自汶川地震以来中国灾害管理体系的变化，并为未来改革提供建议。
