Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA; Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Vaccine. 2020 May 8;38(22):3854-3861. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.044. Epub 2020 Apr 11.
Vaccination against Ebolavirus is an emerging public health tool during Ebola Virus Disease outbreaks. We examined demand issues related to deployment of Ebolavirus vaccine during the 2014-2015 outbreak in Sierra Leone.
A cluster survey was administered to a population-based sample in December 2014 (N = 3540), before any Ebola vaccine was available to the general public in Sierra Leone. Ebola vaccine demand was captured in this survey by three Likert-scale items that were used to develop a composite score and dichotomized into a binary outcome to define high demand. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to assess the associations between perceptions of who should be first to receive an Ebola vaccine and the expression of high demand for an Ebola vaccine.
The largest proportion of respondents reported that health workers (35.1%) or their own families (29.5%) should receive the vaccine first if it became available, rather than politicians (13.8%), vaccination teams (9.8%), or people in high risk areas (8.2%). High demand for an Ebola vaccine was expressed by 74.2% of respondents nationally. The odds of expressing high demand were 13 times greater among those who said they or their families should be the first to take the vaccine compared to those who said politicians should be the first recipients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 13.0 [95% confidence interval [CI] 7.8-21.6]). The ultra-brief measure of the Ebola vaccine demand demonstrated acceptable scale reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.79) and construct validity (single-factor loadings > 0.50).
Perceptions of who should be the first to get the vaccine was associated with high demand for Ebola vaccine around the peak of the outbreak in Sierra Leone. Using an ultra-brief measure of Ebola vaccine demand is a feasible solution in outbreak settings and can help inform development of future rapid assessment tools.
在埃博拉病毒病暴发期间，接种埃博拉病毒疫苗是一种新兴的公共卫生工具。我们研究了在 2014-2015 年塞拉利昂埃博拉疫情期间部署埃博拉病毒疫苗的相关需求问题。
在塞拉利昂向公众提供任何埃博拉疫苗之前，我们于 2014 年 12 月对基于人群的样本进行了一项群组调查（N=3540）。在这项调查中，通过三个李克特量表项目来衡量对埃博拉疫苗的需求，这些项目被用来开发一个综合评分，并将其分为二进制结果，以确定高需求。使用多水平逻辑回归模型评估对谁应该首先接种埃博拉疫苗的看法与对埃博拉疫苗的高需求之间的关联。
最大比例的受访者表示，如果埃博拉疫苗可用，卫生工作者（35.1%）或他们自己的家人（29.5%）应首先接种疫苗，而不是政治家（13.8%）、疫苗接种团队（9.8%）或高危地区的人（8.2%）。全国有 74.2%的受访者对埃博拉疫苗有高需求。与表示政治家应首先接种疫苗的人相比，那些表示自己或家人应首先接种疫苗的人表示高需求的可能性高 13 倍（调整后的优势比[aOR]13.0[95%置信区间[CI]7.8-21.6]）。埃博拉疫苗需求的超简短测量方法具有可接受的量表可靠性（Cronbach's α=0.79）和结构有效性（单因素负荷量>0.50）。
对谁应该首先接种疫苗的看法与塞拉利昂埃博拉疫情高峰期对埃博拉疫苗的高需求有关。在疫情爆发期间，使用埃博拉疫苗需求的超简短测量方法是可行的解决方案，有助于为未来快速评估工具的开发提供信息。
