Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
Microbiology Reference Lab and Biological Products Department, General Directorate of Public Health Department, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
Turk J Med Sci. 2020 Apr 21;50(SI-1):549-556. doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-127.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) cause a broad spectrum of diseases in domestic and wild animals, poultry, and rodents, ranging from mild to severe enteric, respiratory, and systemic disease, and also cause the common cold or pneumonia in humans. Seven coronavirus species are known to cause human infection, 4 of which, HCoV 229E, HCoV NL63, HCoV HKU1 and HCoV OC43, typically cause cold symptoms in immunocompetent individuals. The others namely SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) were zoonotic in origin and cause severe respiratory illness and fatalities. On 31 December 2019, the existence of patients with pneumonia of an unknown aetiology was reported to WHO by the national authorities in China. This virus was officially identified by the coronavirus study group as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the present outbreak of a coronavirus-associated acute respiratory disease was labelled coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). COVID-19’s first cases were seen in Turkey on March 10, 2020 and was number 47,029 cases and 1006 deaths after 1 month. Infections with SARS-CoV-2 are now widespread, and as of 10 April 2020, 1,727,602 cases have been confirmed in more than 210 countries, with 105,728 deaths.
冠状病毒（CoVs）可引起家养和野生动物、家禽和啮齿动物的广泛疾病谱，从轻度到严重的肠道、呼吸道和全身性疾病，还可引起人类普通感冒或肺炎。已知有 7 种冠状病毒可引起人类感染，其中 4 种，即 HCoV 229E、HCoV NL63、HCoV HKU1 和 HCoV OC43，通常在免疫功能正常的个体中引起感冒症状。其他的，即 SARS-CoV（严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒）、MERS-CoV（中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒），则源于人畜共患病，可引起严重的呼吸道疾病和死亡。2019 年 12 月 31 日，中国国家当局向世卫组织报告了存在病因不明的肺炎患者。该病毒被冠状病毒研究小组正式鉴定为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2），目前与冠状病毒相关的急性呼吸道疾病爆发被命名为冠状病毒病 19（COVID-19）。COVID-19 的首例病例于 2020 年 3 月 10 日在土耳其出现，1 个月后确诊病例达到 47029 例，死亡 1006 例。目前，SARS-CoV-2 的感染已广泛传播，截至 2020 年 4 月 10 日，在 210 多个国家已确诊超过 1727602 例病例，死亡 105728 例。
