Witkowski Jacek M, Larbi Anis, Le Page Aurélie, Fülöp Tamàs
Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
Interdiscip Top Gerontol Geriatr. 2020;43:18-35. doi: 10.1159/000504493. Epub 2020 Apr 9.
Aging is associated with changes in the immune system. Both (innate and adaptive) arms of the immune system are involved. Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system. They participate in host defense by eliminating cells that are virally infected, transformed, or senescent. They are also able to modulate the adaptive part of the immune system. As all cells, NK cells are subjected to changes with aging, which affects both their phenotype and functions. Aging is associated with various latent chronic viral infections, and the most significant among them is CMV. It is difficult to distinguish between the influence of CMV infection and that of aging itself on the NK cell properties. Recently, NK cells have been shown to be an important player in vaccine efficacy, which is also decreased with aging. In this chapter, we describe age-related changes in NK cells and their possible influence on the efficacy of vaccination in old age.
衰老与免疫系统的变化相关。免疫系统的两个分支（固有免疫和适应性免疫）均参与其中。自然杀伤（NK）细胞是固有免疫系统的一部分。它们通过清除被病毒感染、发生转化或衰老的细胞来参与宿主防御。它们还能够调节免疫系统的适应性部分。与所有细胞一样，NK细胞会随着衰老而发生变化，这会影响其表型和功能。衰老与多种潜伏性慢性病毒感染相关，其中最主要的是巨细胞病毒（CMV）。很难区分CMV感染和衰老本身对NK细胞特性的影响。最近，NK细胞已被证明是疫苗效力的重要影响因素，而疫苗效力也会随着衰老而降低。在本章中，我们描述了NK细胞与年龄相关的变化及其对老年疫苗接种效力可能产生的影响。
