School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 13;17(8):2665. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082665.
Coach and parent concussion education programs are essential for the prevention, diagnosis, management, and return to play of youth athletes. This systematic review examined the content and efficacy (changes in knowledge, impact on concussion incidence) of concussion education programs for coaches and parents of youth and high school athletes. Six databases were searched: SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Premiere, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Studies evaluated the use and/or efficacy of concussion education programs among coaches or parents of youth athletes. A total of 13 articles (out of 1553 articles) met selection criteria. Although different concussion education programs exist, only three have been evaluated in the literature: ACTive Athletic Concussion Training™, USA Football's Heads Up Football, and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's HEADS UP. These programs are well liked among coaches and parents and the suggested practices are easily implemented by coaches. These programs increased concussion knowledge among coaches and parents and promoted behavioral changes among coaches to reduce the concussion risk in high school sports. Few studies have assessed the efficacy of concussion education programs on youth athlete health outcomes. No studies included a longitudinal follow up to determine the degree of knowledge retention following the intervention. While online educational programs are sufficient to improve coach knowledge, in-person training may be a more effective educational tool for reducing the incidence of youth sport concussion. Future studies addressing the efficacy of concussion education programs should include a longitudinal follow up to assess knowledge retention and fidelity.
教练和家长的脑震荡教育计划对于预防、诊断、管理和青少年运动员重返赛场至关重要。本系统评价研究了针对青少年和高中运动员的教练和家长的脑震荡教育计划的内容和效果（知识变化、对脑震荡发生率的影响）。共检索了 6 个数据库：SPORTDiscus、Academic Search Premiere、CINAHL、PsycINFO、PubMed 和 Google Scholar。研究评估了针对青少年运动员的教练或家长使用和/或脑震荡教育计划的效果。共有 13 篇文章（在 1553 篇文章中）符合选择标准。尽管存在不同的脑震荡教育计划，但只有三项在文献中得到了评估：ACTive Athletic Concussion Training™、USA Football 的 Heads Up Football 和疾病控制与预防中心的 HEADS UP。这些计划受到教练和家长的欢迎，并且建议的实践措施很容易被教练实施。这些计划提高了教练和家长的脑震荡知识，并促进了教练的行为改变，以降低高中体育中的脑震荡风险。很少有研究评估脑震荡教育计划对青少年运动员健康结果的效果。没有研究包括纵向随访来确定干预后知识保留的程度。虽然在线教育计划足以提高教练的知识水平，但面对面培训可能是减少青少年运动脑震荡发生率的更有效教育工具。未来研究应包括纵向随访，以评估知识保留和保真度，从而评估脑震荡教育计划的效果。
