Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Cells. 2020 Apr 14;9(4):963. doi: 10.3390/cells9040963.
The neurotropic and extremophilic black yeast () inhabits diverse indoor environments, in particular bathrooms, steam baths, and dishwashers. Here, we show that the selected strain, EXF-10123, is polymorphic, can grow at 37 °C, is able to assimilate aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, mineral oil, n-hexadecane), and shows abundant growth with selected neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, glutamate, and dopamine) as sole carbon sources. We have for the first time demonstrated the effect of on neuroblastoma cell model SH-SY5Y. Aqueous and organic extracts of biomass reduced SH-SY5Y viability by 51% and 37%, respectively. Melanized extracellular vesicles (EVs) prepared from this strain reduced viability of the SH-SY5Y to 21%, while non-melanized EVs were considerably less neurotoxic (79% viability). We also demonstrated direct interactions of with SH-SY5Y by scanning electron and confocal fluorescence microscopy. The observed invasion and penetration of neuroblastoma cells by hyphae presumably causes the degradation of most neuroblastoma cells in only three days. This may represent a so far unknown indirect or direct cause for the development of some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
嗜神经极端微生物黑酵母（）栖息于各种室内环境，特别是浴室、蒸汽浴室和洗碗机中。在这里，我们展示了所选菌株 EXF-10123 的多态性，其能够在 37°C 下生长，能够同化芳香烃（甲苯、矿物油、正十六烷），并在选择的神经递质（乙酰胆碱、γ-氨基丁酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸和多巴胺）作为唯一碳源时表现出丰富的生长。我们首次证明了（）对神经母细胞瘤细胞模型 SH-SY5Y 的影响。生物质的水提物和有机溶剂提取物分别使 SH-SY5Y 的活力降低了 51%和 37%。从该菌株制备的黑色素化细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 将 SH-SY5Y 的活力降低至 21%，而非黑色素化 EVs 的神经毒性要小得多（活力为 79%）。我们还通过扫描电子显微镜和共聚焦荧光显微镜证明了与 SH-SY5Y 的直接相互作用。黑酵母菌丝体的入侵和穿透神经母细胞瘤细胞，可能导致大多数神经母细胞瘤细胞在仅三天内降解。这可能代表了一些神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病）发展的一种迄今未知的间接或直接原因。
