Mattiuzzi Camilla, Lippi Giuseppe
Service of Clinical Governance, Provincial Agency for Social and Sanitary Services, Trento, Italy.
Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale LA Scuro, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Eur Geriatr Med. 2020 Feb;11(1):147-153. doi: 10.1007/s41999-019-00265-2. Epub 2019 Nov 16.
This article provides an overview on the current worldwide disease epidemiology in older persons, analyzing information contained in the World Health Organization (WHO) health data and statistics database.
Epidemiology data on diseases in older persons (i.e., in subjects aged 60 years or older) were retrieved from the official WHO health data and statistics database.
Ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the leading causes of disability and death in older people, whilst dementias have displayed the largest increase during the past 16 years. With only few exceptions, significant sex difference can be observed in the majority of diseases causing disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths in older people. DALYs are mostly caused by IHD, malignancies, COPD and cirrhosis in older men; whilst dementias, hearing loss, falls, hypertensive heart disease, back and neck pain and diarrheal diseases cause larger health loss in older women. Death rate for malignancies (except colorectal cancer), COPD, cirrhosis and tuberculosis is larger in older men; whilst mortality for cardiovascular disorders, dementias and diarrheal diseases is larger in older women. IHD is the leading cause of health loss and deaths in nearly all WHO regions, whilst infectious diseases still cause a substantial epidemiologic burden in Africa.
Cancers and dementias will probably display the highest mortality escalation during the next 40 years.
本文概述了当前全球老年人疾病流行病学情况，分析了世界卫生组织（WHO）健康数据与统计数据库中包含的信息。
从WHO官方健康数据与统计数据库中检索老年人（即60岁及以上人群）疾病的流行病学数据。
缺血性心脏病（IHD）、中风和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是老年人残疾和死亡的主要原因，而痴呆症在过去16年中增长幅度最大。在导致老年人残疾调整生命年（DALYs）和死亡的大多数疾病中，除少数例外，可观察到显著的性别差异。老年男性的DALYs主要由IHD、恶性肿瘤、COPD和肝硬化引起；而痴呆症、听力损失、跌倒、高血压性心脏病、背部和颈部疼痛以及腹泻病在老年女性中导致更大的健康损失。老年男性中恶性肿瘤（除结直肠癌外）、COPD、肝硬化和结核病的死亡率较高；而老年女性中心血管疾病、痴呆症和腹泻病的死亡率较高。IHD是几乎所有WHO区域健康损失和死亡的主要原因，而传染病在非洲仍然造成巨大的流行病学负担。
在未来40年中，癌症和痴呆症的死亡率可能会出现最高幅度的上升。
