Operations Research and Logistics Group, Wageningen University, 6706 KNWageningen, The Netherlands.
Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708 WEWageningen, The Netherlands.
Public Health Nutr. 2020 Sep;23(13):2290-2302. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019004774. Epub 2020 Apr 17.
The objective of this research is to propose methodology that can be used to benchmark current diets based on their nutrient intakes and to provide guidelines for improving less healthy diets in a way that is acceptable for the studied population.
We discuss important limitations of current diet models that use optimisation techniques to design healthier and acceptable diets. We illustrate how data envelopment analysis could be used to overcome such limitations, and we describe mathematical models that can be used to calculate not only healthier but also acceptable diets.
We used data from the Nutrition Questionnaires plus dataset of habitual diets of a general population of adult men and women in The Netherlands (n 1735).
Adult population.
We calculated healthier diets with substantial higher intakes of protein, fibre, Fe, Ca, K, Mg and vitamins, and substantially lower intakes of Na, saturated fats and added sugars. The calculated diets are combinations of current diets of individuals that belong to the same age/gender group and comprise of food item intakes in proportions observed in the sample.
The proposed methodology enables the benchmarking of existing diets and provides a framework for proposing healthier alternative diets that resemble the current diet in terms of foods intake as much as possible.
本研究旨在提出一种方法，可用于根据营养素摄入量对当前饮食进行基准测试，并为改善不太健康的饮食提供指导，使其为研究人群所接受。
我们讨论了当前饮食模型的一些重要局限性，这些模型使用优化技术来设计更健康和可接受的饮食。我们举例说明了数据包络分析（Data Envelopment Analysis）如何克服这些局限性，还描述了可用于计算不仅更健康而且更可接受的饮食的数学模型。
我们使用了荷兰一般成年男性和女性饮食习惯的营养问卷加数据集（n 1735）中的数据。
成年人群。
我们计算出了更健康的饮食，其蛋白质、纤维、铁、钙、钾、镁和维生素的摄入量显著增加，而钠、饱和脂肪和添加糖的摄入量则显著降低。所计算的饮食是属于同一年龄/性别组的个体的当前饮食的组合，包含了样本中观察到的食物摄入量的比例。
所提出的方法能够对现有饮食进行基准测试，并提供了一个框架，用于提出更健康的替代饮食，这些饮食在食物摄入量方面尽可能类似于当前饮食。
