Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Med Res Rev. 2020 Sep;40(5):1833-1870. doi: 10.1002/med.21672. Epub 2020 Apr 16.
The loss of bone tissue is a striking challenge in orthopedic surgery. Tissue engineering using various advanced biofunctional materials is considered a promising approach for the regeneration and substitution of impaired bone tissues. Recently, polymeric supportive scaffolds and biomaterials have been used to rationally promote the generation of new bone tissues. To restore the bone tissue in this context, biofunctional polymeric materials with significant mechanical robustness together with embedded materials can act as a supportive matrix for cellular proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation. The osteogenic regeneration to replace defective tissues demands greater calcium deposits, high alkaline phosphatase activity, and profound upregulation of osteocalcin as a late osteogenic marker. Ideally, the bioactive polymeric scaffolds (BPSs) utilized for bone tissue engineering should impose no detrimental impacts and function as a carrier for the controlled delivery and release of the loaded molecules necessary for the bone tissue regeneration. In this review, we provide comprehensive insights into different synthetic and natural polymers used for the regeneration of bone tissue and discuss various technologies applied for the engineering of BPSs and their physicomechanical properties and biological effects.
骨组织的流失是骨科手术面临的一个重大挑战。利用各种先进的生物功能材料进行组织工程被认为是一种有前途的方法，可以用于再生和替代受损的骨组织。最近，聚合物支撑支架和生物材料已被用于合理促进新骨组织的生成。为了在这种情况下恢复骨组织，具有显著机械强度的生物功能聚合物材料与嵌入材料一起，可以作为细胞增殖、黏附和成骨分化的支撑基质。为了替代缺陷组织进行成骨再生，需要更高的钙沉积、更高的碱性磷酸酶活性和更深层次的骨钙素上调作为晚期成骨标志物。理想情况下，用于骨组织工程的生物活性聚合物支架（BPS）不应该产生任何不利影响，而是作为载体，用于控制所需分子的递释，这些分子对于骨组织再生是必要的。在这篇综述中，我们全面介绍了用于骨组织再生的不同合成和天然聚合物，并讨论了用于 BPS 工程的各种技术及其物理机械性能和生物学效应。
