Craniofacial Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Molecules. 2021 Nov 22;26(22):7043. doi: 10.3390/molecules26227043.
Dental, oral, and craniofacial (DOC) regenerative medicine aims to repair or regenerate DOC tissues including teeth, dental pulp, periodontal tissues, salivary gland, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), hard (bone, cartilage), and soft (muscle, nerve, skin) tissues of the craniofacial complex. Polymeric materials have a broad range of applications in biomedical engineering and regenerative medicine functioning as tissue engineering scaffolds, carriers for cell-based therapies, and biomedical devices for delivery of drugs and biologics. The focus of this review is to discuss the properties and clinical indications of polymeric scaffold materials and extracellular matrix technologies for DOC regenerative medicine. More specifically, this review outlines the key properties, advantages and drawbacks of natural polymers including alginate, cellulose, chitosan, silk, collagen, gelatin, fibrin, laminin, decellularized extracellular matrix, and hyaluronic acid, as well as synthetic polymers including polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), and Zwitterionic polymers. This review highlights key clinical applications of polymeric scaffolding materials to repair and/or regenerate various DOC tissues. Particularly, polymeric materials used in clinical procedures are discussed including alveolar ridge preservation, vertical and horizontal ridge augmentation, maxillary sinus augmentation, TMJ reconstruction, periodontal regeneration, periodontal/peri-implant plastic surgery, regenerative endodontics. In addition, polymeric scaffolds application in whole tooth and salivary gland regeneration are discussed.
口腔颌面（DOC）再生医学旨在修复或再生包括牙齿、牙髓、牙周组织、唾液腺、颞下颌关节（TMJ）、硬组织（骨、软骨）和软组织（肌肉、神经、皮肤）在内的 DOC 组织。聚合物材料在生物医学工程和再生医学中有广泛的应用，可作为组织工程支架、细胞治疗的载体以及用于输送药物和生物制剂的生物医学设备。本文重点讨论了聚合物支架材料和细胞外基质技术在口腔颌面再生医学中的特性和临床应用。更具体地说，本文概述了天然聚合物（包括藻酸盐、纤维素、壳聚糖、丝、胶原、明胶、纤维蛋白、层粘连蛋白、脱细胞细胞外基质和透明质酸）以及合成聚合物（包括聚乳酸（PLA）、聚乙醇酸（PGA）、聚己内酯（PCL）、聚（乙二醇）（PEG）和两性离子聚合物）的关键特性、优点和缺点。本文还强调了聚合物支架材料在修复和/或再生各种口腔颌面组织中的关键临床应用。特别是，讨论了用于临床程序的聚合物材料，包括牙槽嵴保存、垂直和水平牙槽嵴增加、上颌窦提升、TMJ 重建、牙周再生、牙周/种植体周围整形手术、再生牙髓学。此外，还讨论了聚合物支架在全牙和唾液腺再生中的应用。
