Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1260:107-122. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_5.
Parabiosis refers to the union of two living organisms by surgical operation, leading to the development of a shared circulatory system. It enables researchers to ask whether or not transmissible factors in the blood of one parabiont have physiological effects on its partner. In other words, parabiosis allows researchers to explore whether circulating factors in the bloodstream can alter tissue function. Heterochronic parabiosis, the pairing together of a young and aged organism, provides a unique experimental design to assess the effects of systemic milieu on the age-related processes. In the last 15 years, this experimental approach to study the aging processes at the whole organism level underwent a renaissance, with several studies demonstrating the rejuvenating effects of youthful systemic milieu on aging processes in the nervous system, skeletal muscle, heart, liver and other organs. The crucial question still mainly unanswered is the nature of circulating molecules that mediate "pro-youthful" effects of young and "pro-aging" effects of old system milieu.
并置是指通过手术将两个活体生物连接在一起，从而形成一个共享的循环系统。它使研究人员能够提出一个问题，即一个并置体的血液中的可传播因素是否对其伴侣具有生理影响。换句话说， 并置允许研究人员探索血液中的循环因子是否可以改变组织功能。异时并置，即将年轻和衰老的生物体配对在一起，提供了一个独特的实验设计，可以评估系统环境对与年龄相关过程的影响。在过去的 15 年中，这种研究整个生物体衰老过程的实验方法经历了复兴，有几项研究表明，年轻的全身环境对神经系统、骨骼肌、心脏、肝脏和其他器官的衰老过程具有恢复活力的作用。仍然主要没有答案的关键问题是，介导年轻的“促年轻”作用和老年系统环境的“促衰老”作用的循环分子的性质。
