Anaesthesiology Division, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
KDV Hungária Ltd, Varbó, Hungary.
Equine Vet J. 2021 Jan;53(1):177-185. doi: 10.1111/evj.13270. Epub 2020 May 12.
Quantitative sensory testing methods are now standard in the evaluation of sensory function in man, while few normal equine values have been reported.
The aim of this experimental study was (a) to define the tactile sensory, mechanical nociceptive and thermal nociceptive thresholds of the equine face; (b) to assess the effect of age, sex, stimulation site and shaving; (c) to evaluate the reliability of the methods and (d) to provide reference facial quantitative sensory testing values.
Method description.
Thirty-four healthy Warmblood horses were used in the study. Six (tactile sensory threshold) and five (mechanical nociceptive and thermal nociceptive thresholds) areas of the left side of the face with clear anatomical landmarks were evaluated. Ten horses had two (mechanical nociceptive threshold) or three (tactile sensory and thermal nociceptive thresholds) of these areas shaved for another study. A linear Mixed model was used for data analysis.
All thresholds increased with age (tactile sensory threshold: by 0.90 g/y (CI = [0.12 g; 0.36 g]) P = .001; mechanical nociceptive threshold: by 0.25 N/y (CI = [0.13-0.36 N]) P = .000; thermal nociceptive threshold: by 0.2°C/y (CI = [0.055-0.361]) P = .008). Sex had no effect on thresholds (tactile sensory threshold: P = .1; mechanical nociceptive threshold: P = .09; thermal nociceptive threshold: P = .2). Stimulation site affected tactile sensory and mechanical nociceptive thresholds (P = .001 and P = .008), but not thermal nociceptive threshold (P = .9). Shaving had no significant effect on any of the thresholds (tactile sensory threshold: P = .06; mechanical nociceptive threshold: P = .08; thermal nociceptive threshold: P = .09).
Only the left side was investigated and measurements were obtained on a single occasion.
Handheld quantitative sensory testing does not require shaving or clipping to provide reliable measurements. Stimulation over the nostril (tactile sensory threshold), temporomandibular joint (mechanical nociceptive threshold) and supraorbital foramen (thermal nociceptive threshold) resulted in the most consistent thresholds.
定量感觉测试方法现已成为评估人类感觉功能的标准方法，而关于正常马的数值却鲜有报道。
本实验研究的目的是：（a）确定马面部的触觉感觉、机械性疼痛感觉和热痛觉阈值；（b）评估年龄、性别、刺激部位和剃毛的影响；（c）评估方法的可靠性；（d）提供参考的面部定量感觉测试值。
方法描述。
本研究使用了 34 匹健康的温血马。评估了左侧面部的 6 个（触觉感觉阈值）和 5 个（机械性疼痛感觉和热痛觉阈值）有明确解剖标志的区域。10 匹马的两个（机械性疼痛感觉阈值）或三个（触觉感觉和热痛觉阈值）区域被剃毛，以便进行另一项研究。使用线性混合模型进行数据分析。
所有阈值均随年龄增加而升高（触觉感觉阈值：增加 0.90 g/y（CI [0.12 g；0.36 g]），P =.001；机械性疼痛感觉阈值：增加 0.25 N/y（CI [0.13-0.36 N]），P =.000；热痛觉阈值：增加 0.2°C/y（CI [0.055-0.361]），P =.008）。性别对阈值没有影响（触觉感觉阈值：P =.1；机械性疼痛感觉阈值：P =.09；热痛觉阈值：P =.2）。刺激部位影响触觉感觉和机械性疼痛感觉阈值（P =.001 和 P =.008），但不影响热痛觉阈值（P =.9）。剃毛对任何阈值均无显著影响（触觉感觉阈值：P =.06；机械性疼痛感觉阈值：P =.08；热痛觉阈值：P =.09）。
仅对左侧进行了研究，并且仅在单次测量中获得了测量值。
手持定量感觉测试不需要剃毛或剪毛即可提供可靠的测量结果。在鼻孔（触觉感觉阈值）、颞下颌关节（机械性疼痛感觉阈值）和眶上孔（热痛觉阈值）进行刺激可获得最一致的阈值。
