Department of Psychology.
Rotman School of Management.
Psychol Rev. 2020 Oct;127(5):918-931. doi: 10.1037/rev0000200. Epub 2020 Apr 20.
The study of observational learning, or learning others, is a cornerstone of the behavioral sciences, because it grounds the continuity, diversity, and innovation inherent to humanity's cultural repertoire within the social learning capacities of individual humans. In contrast, collective learning, or learning others, has been underappreciated in terms of its importance to human cognition, cohesion, and culture. We offer a theory of collective learning, wherein the cognitive capacity of collective attention indicates and represents common knowledge across group members, yielding mutually known representations, emotions, evaluations, and beliefs. By enhancing the comprehension of and cohesion with fellow group members, collective attention facilitates communication, remembering, and problem-solving in human groups. We also discuss the implications of collective learning theory for the development of collective identities, social norms, and strategic cooperation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
观察学习（或向他人学习）的研究是行为科学的基石，因为它将人类文化储备中固有的连续性、多样性和创新性建立在个体人类的社会学习能力之上。相比之下，集体学习（或向他人学习）在其对人类认知、凝聚力和文化的重要性方面一直被低估。我们提出了一种集体学习理论，其中集体注意力的认知能力表明并代表了群体成员之间的共同知识，从而产生相互知晓的表象、情感、评价和信念。通过增强对同伴的理解和凝聚力，集体注意力促进了人类群体的沟通、记忆和问题解决。我们还讨论了集体学习理论对集体认同、社会规范和策略合作发展的影响。
