居住环境中的自然特征如何影响女性的自我报告总体健康状况？来自美国全国队列的横断面分析结果。
How do natural features in the residential environment influence women's self-reported general health? Results from cross-sectional analyses of a U.S. national cohort.
机构信息
Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Fellow, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Currently at ICF, Durham, NC, USA.
出版信息
Environ Res. 2020 Apr;183:109176. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109176. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
BACKGROUND
The relationship between health and human interaction with nature is complex. Here we conduct analyses to provide insights into potential health benefits related to residential proximity to nature.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to examine associations between measures of residential nature and self-reported general health (SRGH), and to explore mediation roles of behavioral, social, and air quality factors, and variations in these relationships by urbanicity and regional climate.
METHODS
Using residential addresses for 41,127 women from the Sister Study, a U.S.-based national cohort, we derived two nature exposure metrics, canopy and non-gray cover, using Percent Tree Canopy and Percent Developed Imperviousness from the National Land Cover Database. Residential circular buffers of 250 m and 1250 m were considered. Gradient boosted regression trees were used to model the effects of nature exposure on the odds of reporting better SRGH (Excellent/Very Good versus the referent, Good/Fair/Poor). Analyses stratified by urbanicity and regional climate (arid, continental, temperate) and mediation by physical activity, social support, and air quality were conducted.
RESULTS
A 10% increase in canopy and non-gray cover within 1250 m buffer was associated with 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00-1.03) and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01-1.04) times the odds of reporting better SRGH, respectively. Stronger associations were observed for the urban group and for continental climate relative to other strata. Social support and physical activity played a more significant mediation role than air quality for the full study population.
DISCUSSION
Findings from this study identified a small but important beneficial association between residential nature and general health. These findings could inform community planning and investments in neighborhood nature for targeted health improvements and potential societal and environmental co-benefits.
背景
健康与人类与自然的互动关系复杂。本研究旨在分析居住临近自然与自我报告的总体健康之间的潜在关系。
目的
我们旨在研究居住自然与自我报告的总体健康（SRGH）之间的关联，并探讨行为、社会和空气质量因素的中介作用，以及这些关系在城市化和区域气候方面的变化。
方法
我们使用来自 Sister 研究的 41127 名女性的居住地址，该研究是一项基于美国的全国队列研究。我们使用国家土地覆盖数据库中的“Percent Tree Canopy”和“Percent Developed Imperviousness”来获得两种自然暴露指标，即树冠和非灰色覆盖。考虑了 250 m 和 1250 m 的住宅圆形缓冲区。使用梯度提升回归树来模拟自然暴露对报告更好的 SRGH（优秀/非常好与参照，良好/一般/差）的几率的影响。根据城市化和区域气候（干旱、大陆性、温带）进行分层分析，并对物理活动、社会支持和空气质量的中介作用进行分析。
结果
在 1250 m 缓冲区中，树冠和非灰色覆盖增加 10%，分别与报告更好的 SRGH 的几率增加 1.02（95%置信区间：1.00-1.03）和 1.03（95%置信区间：1.01-1.04）倍相关。在城市组和大陆性气候中观察到更强的关联，而在其他组中则较弱。对于整个研究人群，社会支持和体育活动比空气质量具有更重要的中介作用。
讨论
本研究结果确定了居住自然与总体健康之间存在微小但重要的有益关联。这些发现可以为社区规划和对邻里自然的投资提供信息，以实现有针对性的健康改善和潜在的社会和环境共同效益。
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